_version_ 1866916294070108160
author Hacker, Alejandro
Díaz, Rodrigo F.
Armstrong, David J.
Fernández, Jorge Fernández
Müller, Simon
Delgado-Mena, Elisa
Sousa, Sérgio G.
Adibekyan, Vardan
Stassun, Keivan G.
Collins, Karen A.
Yee, Samuel W.
Bayliss, Daniel
Bieryla, Allyson
Bouchy, François
Butler, R. Paul
Crane, Jeffrey D.
Dumusque, Xavier
Hartman, Joel D.
Helled, Ravit
Jenkins, Jon
Keniger, Marcelo Aron F.
Lewis, Hannah
Lillo-Box, Jorge
Lund, Michael B.
Nielsen, Louise D.
Osborn, Ares
Osip, David
Paegert, Martin
Radford, Don J.
Santos, Nuno C.
Seager, Sara
Shectman, Stephen A.
Srdoc, Gregor
Strøm, Paul A.
Tan, Thiam-Guan
Teske, Johanna K.
Vezie, Michael
Watanabe, David
Watkins, Cristilyn N.
Wheatley, Peter J.
Winn, Joshua N.
Wohler, Bill
Ziegler, Carl
author_facet Hacker, Alejandro
Díaz, Rodrigo F.
Armstrong, David J.
Fernández, Jorge Fernández
Müller, Simon
Delgado-Mena, Elisa
Sousa, Sérgio G.
Adibekyan, Vardan
Stassun, Keivan G.
Collins, Karen A.
Yee, Samuel W.
Bayliss, Daniel
Bieryla, Allyson
Bouchy, François
Butler, R. Paul
Crane, Jeffrey D.
Dumusque, Xavier
Hartman, Joel D.
Helled, Ravit
Jenkins, Jon
Keniger, Marcelo Aron F.
Lewis, Hannah
Lillo-Box, Jorge
Lund, Michael B.
Nielsen, Louise D.
Osborn, Ares
Osip, David
Paegert, Martin
Radford, Don J.
Santos, Nuno C.
Seager, Sara
Shectman, Stephen A.
Srdoc, Gregor
Strøm, Paul A.
Tan, Thiam-Guan
Teske, Johanna K.
Vezie, Michael
Watanabe, David
Watkins, Cristilyn N.
Wheatley, Peter J.
Winn, Joshua N.
Wohler, Bill
Ziegler, Carl
contents We report the discovery of two transiting planets detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), TOI-2374 b and TOI-3071 b, orbiting a K5V and an F8V star, respectively, with periods of 4.31 and 1.27 days, respectively. We confirm and characterize these two planets with a variety of ground-based and follow-up observations, including photometry, precise radial velocity monitoring and high-resolution imaging. The planetary and orbital parameters were derived from a joint analysis of the radial velocities and photometric data. We found that the two planets have masses of $(57 \pm 4)$ $M_\oplus$ or $(0.18 \pm 0.01)$ $M_J$, and $(68 \pm 4)$ $M_\oplus$ or $(0.21 \pm 0.01)$ $M_J$, respectively, and they have radii of $(6.8 \pm 0.3)$ $R_\oplus$ or $(0.61 \pm 0.03)$ $R_J$ and $(7.2 \pm 0.5)$ $R_\oplus$ or $(0.64 \pm 0.05)$ $R_J$, respectively. These parameters correspond to sub-Saturns within the Neptunian desert, both planets being hot and highly irradiated, with $T_{\rm eq} \approx 745$ $K$ and $T_{\rm eq} \approx 1812$ $K$, respectively, assuming a Bond albedo of 0.5. TOI-3071 b has the hottest equilibrium temperature of all known planets with masses between $10$ and $300$ $M_\oplus$ and radii less than $1.5$ $R_J$. By applying gas giant evolution models we found that both planets, especially TOI-3071 b, are very metal-rich. This challenges standard formation models which generally predict lower heavy-element masses for planets with similar characteristics. We studied the evolution of the planets' atmospheres under photoevaporation and concluded that both are stable against evaporation due to their large masses and likely high metallicities in their gaseous envelopes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_12996
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TOI-2374 b and TOI-3071 b: two metal-rich sub-Saturns well within the Neptunian desert
Hacker, Alejandro
Díaz, Rodrigo F.
Armstrong, David J.
Fernández, Jorge Fernández
Müller, Simon
Delgado-Mena, Elisa
Sousa, Sérgio G.
Adibekyan, Vardan
Stassun, Keivan G.
Collins, Karen A.
Yee, Samuel W.
Bayliss, Daniel
Bieryla, Allyson
Bouchy, François
Butler, R. Paul
Crane, Jeffrey D.
Dumusque, Xavier
Hartman, Joel D.
Helled, Ravit
Jenkins, Jon
Keniger, Marcelo Aron F.
Lewis, Hannah
Lillo-Box, Jorge
Lund, Michael B.
Nielsen, Louise D.
Osborn, Ares
Osip, David
Paegert, Martin
Radford, Don J.
Santos, Nuno C.
Seager, Sara
Shectman, Stephen A.
Srdoc, Gregor
Strøm, Paul A.
Tan, Thiam-Guan
Teske, Johanna K.
Vezie, Michael
Watanabe, David
Watkins, Cristilyn N.
Wheatley, Peter J.
Winn, Joshua N.
Wohler, Bill
Ziegler, Carl
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
We report the discovery of two transiting planets detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), TOI-2374 b and TOI-3071 b, orbiting a K5V and an F8V star, respectively, with periods of 4.31 and 1.27 days, respectively. We confirm and characterize these two planets with a variety of ground-based and follow-up observations, including photometry, precise radial velocity monitoring and high-resolution imaging. The planetary and orbital parameters were derived from a joint analysis of the radial velocities and photometric data. We found that the two planets have masses of $(57 \pm 4)$ $M_\oplus$ or $(0.18 \pm 0.01)$ $M_J$, and $(68 \pm 4)$ $M_\oplus$ or $(0.21 \pm 0.01)$ $M_J$, respectively, and they have radii of $(6.8 \pm 0.3)$ $R_\oplus$ or $(0.61 \pm 0.03)$ $R_J$ and $(7.2 \pm 0.5)$ $R_\oplus$ or $(0.64 \pm 0.05)$ $R_J$, respectively. These parameters correspond to sub-Saturns within the Neptunian desert, both planets being hot and highly irradiated, with $T_{\rm eq} \approx 745$ $K$ and $T_{\rm eq} \approx 1812$ $K$, respectively, assuming a Bond albedo of 0.5. TOI-3071 b has the hottest equilibrium temperature of all known planets with masses between $10$ and $300$ $M_\oplus$ and radii less than $1.5$ $R_J$. By applying gas giant evolution models we found that both planets, especially TOI-3071 b, are very metal-rich. This challenges standard formation models which generally predict lower heavy-element masses for planets with similar characteristics. We studied the evolution of the planets' atmospheres under photoevaporation and concluded that both are stable against evaporation due to their large masses and likely high metallicities in their gaseous envelopes.
title TOI-2374 b and TOI-3071 b: two metal-rich sub-Saturns well within the Neptunian desert
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.12996