Implant-to-Wearable Communication through the Human Body: Exploring the Effects of Encapsulated Capacitive and Galvanic Transmitters
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866909227223613440 |
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| author | Jiang, Anyu Acebal, Cassandra Heyd, Brook White, Trustin Kainth, Gurleen Datta, Arunashish Sen, Shreyas Khalifa, Adam Chatterjee, Baibhab |
| author_facet | Jiang, Anyu Acebal, Cassandra Heyd, Brook White, Trustin Kainth, Gurleen Datta, Arunashish Sen, Shreyas Khalifa, Adam Chatterjee, Baibhab |
| contents | Data transfer using human-body communication (HBC) represents an actively explored alternative solution to address the challenges related to energy-efficiency, tissue absorption, and security of conventional wireless. Although the use of HBC for wearable-to-wearable communication has been well-explored, different configurations for the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) for implant-to-wearable HBC needs further studies. This paper substantiates the hypothesis that a fully implanted galvanic Tx is more efficient than a capacitive Tx for interaction with a wearable Rx. Given the practical limitations of implanting an ideal capacitive device, we choose a galvanic device with one electrode encapsulated to model the capacitive scenario. We analyze the lumped circuit model for in-body to out-of-body communication, and perform Circuit-based as well as Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations to explore how the encapsulation thickness affects the received signal levels. We demonstrate in-vivo experimental results on live Sprague Dawley rats to validate the hypothesis, and show that compared to the galvanic Tx, the channel loss will be $\approx$ 20 dB higher with each additional mm thickness of capacitive encapsulation, eventually going below the noise floor for ideal capacitive Tx. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_13141 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Implant-to-Wearable Communication through the Human Body: Exploring the Effects of Encapsulated Capacitive and Galvanic Transmitters Jiang, Anyu Acebal, Cassandra Heyd, Brook White, Trustin Kainth, Gurleen Datta, Arunashish Sen, Shreyas Khalifa, Adam Chatterjee, Baibhab Tissues and Organs Data transfer using human-body communication (HBC) represents an actively explored alternative solution to address the challenges related to energy-efficiency, tissue absorption, and security of conventional wireless. Although the use of HBC for wearable-to-wearable communication has been well-explored, different configurations for the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) for implant-to-wearable HBC needs further studies. This paper substantiates the hypothesis that a fully implanted galvanic Tx is more efficient than a capacitive Tx for interaction with a wearable Rx. Given the practical limitations of implanting an ideal capacitive device, we choose a galvanic device with one electrode encapsulated to model the capacitive scenario. We analyze the lumped circuit model for in-body to out-of-body communication, and perform Circuit-based as well as Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations to explore how the encapsulation thickness affects the received signal levels. We demonstrate in-vivo experimental results on live Sprague Dawley rats to validate the hypothesis, and show that compared to the galvanic Tx, the channel loss will be $\approx$ 20 dB higher with each additional mm thickness of capacitive encapsulation, eventually going below the noise floor for ideal capacitive Tx. |
| title | Implant-to-Wearable Communication through the Human Body: Exploring the Effects of Encapsulated Capacitive and Galvanic Transmitters |
| topic | Tissues and Organs |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.13141 |