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Main Authors: Shen, Qianli, Wang, Yezhen, Yang, Zhouhao, Li, Xiang, Wang, Haonan, Zhang, Yang, Scarlett, Jonathan, Zhu, Zhanxing, Kawaguchi, Kenji
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.14095
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author Shen, Qianli
Wang, Yezhen
Yang, Zhouhao
Li, Xiang
Wang, Haonan
Zhang, Yang
Scarlett, Jonathan
Zhu, Zhanxing
Kawaguchi, Kenji
author_facet Shen, Qianli
Wang, Yezhen
Yang, Zhouhao
Li, Xiang
Wang, Haonan
Zhang, Yang
Scarlett, Jonathan
Zhu, Zhanxing
Kawaguchi, Kenji
contents Bi-level optimization (BO) has become a fundamental mathematical framework for addressing hierarchical machine learning problems. As deep learning models continue to grow in size, the demand for scalable bi-level optimization solutions has become increasingly critical. Traditional gradient-based bi-level optimization algorithms, due to their inherent characteristics, are ill-suited to meet the demands of large-scale applications. In this paper, we introduce $\textbf{F}$orward $\textbf{G}$radient $\textbf{U}$nrolling with $\textbf{F}$orward $\textbf{F}$radient, abbreviated as $(\textbf{FG})^2\textbf{U}$, which achieves an unbiased stochastic approximation of the meta gradient for bi-level optimization. $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$ circumvents the memory and approximation issues associated with classical bi-level optimization approaches, and delivers significantly more accurate gradient estimates than existing large-scale bi-level optimization approaches. Additionally, $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$ is inherently designed to support parallel computing, enabling it to effectively leverage large-scale distributed computing systems to achieve significant computational efficiency. In practice, $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$ and other methods can be strategically placed at different stages of the training process to achieve a more cost-effective two-phase paradigm. Further, $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$ is easy to implement within popular deep learning frameworks, and can be conveniently adapted to address more challenging zeroth-order bi-level optimization scenarios. We provide a thorough convergence analysis and a comprehensive practical discussion for $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$, complemented by extensive empirical evaluations, showcasing its superior performance in diverse large-scale bi-level optimization tasks. Code is available at https://github.com/ShenQianli/FG2U.
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publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Memory-Efficient Gradient Unrolling for Large-Scale Bi-level Optimization
Shen, Qianli
Wang, Yezhen
Yang, Zhouhao
Li, Xiang
Wang, Haonan
Zhang, Yang
Scarlett, Jonathan
Zhu, Zhanxing
Kawaguchi, Kenji
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Bi-level optimization (BO) has become a fundamental mathematical framework for addressing hierarchical machine learning problems. As deep learning models continue to grow in size, the demand for scalable bi-level optimization solutions has become increasingly critical. Traditional gradient-based bi-level optimization algorithms, due to their inherent characteristics, are ill-suited to meet the demands of large-scale applications. In this paper, we introduce $\textbf{F}$orward $\textbf{G}$radient $\textbf{U}$nrolling with $\textbf{F}$orward $\textbf{F}$radient, abbreviated as $(\textbf{FG})^2\textbf{U}$, which achieves an unbiased stochastic approximation of the meta gradient for bi-level optimization. $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$ circumvents the memory and approximation issues associated with classical bi-level optimization approaches, and delivers significantly more accurate gradient estimates than existing large-scale bi-level optimization approaches. Additionally, $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$ is inherently designed to support parallel computing, enabling it to effectively leverage large-scale distributed computing systems to achieve significant computational efficiency. In practice, $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$ and other methods can be strategically placed at different stages of the training process to achieve a more cost-effective two-phase paradigm. Further, $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$ is easy to implement within popular deep learning frameworks, and can be conveniently adapted to address more challenging zeroth-order bi-level optimization scenarios. We provide a thorough convergence analysis and a comprehensive practical discussion for $(\text{FG})^2\text{U}$, complemented by extensive empirical evaluations, showcasing its superior performance in diverse large-scale bi-level optimization tasks. Code is available at https://github.com/ShenQianli/FG2U.
title Memory-Efficient Gradient Unrolling for Large-Scale Bi-level Optimization
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.14095