Relaxing Continuous Constraints of Equivariant Graph Neural Networks for Physical Dynamics Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Zheng, Zinan, Liu, Yang, Li, Jia, Yao, Jianhua, Rong, Yu
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2024
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_version_ 1866911930488193024
author Zheng, Zinan
Liu, Yang
Li, Jia
Yao, Jianhua
Rong, Yu
author_facet Zheng, Zinan
Liu, Yang
Li, Jia
Yao, Jianhua
Rong, Yu
contents Incorporating Euclidean symmetries (e.g. rotation equivariance) as inductive biases into graph neural networks has improved their generalization ability and data efficiency in unbounded physical dynamics modeling. However, in various scientific and engineering applications, the symmetries of dynamics are frequently discrete due to the boundary conditions. Thus, existing GNNs either overlook necessary symmetry, resulting in suboptimal representation ability, or impose excessive equivariance, which fails to generalize to unobserved symmetric dynamics. In this work, we propose a general Discrete Equivariant Graph Neural Network (DEGNN) that guarantees equivariance to a given discrete point group. Specifically, we show that such discrete equivariant message passing could be constructed by transforming geometric features into permutation-invariant embeddings. Through relaxing continuous equivariant constraints, DEGNN can employ more geometric feature combinations to approximate unobserved physical object interaction functions. Two implementation approaches of DEGNN are proposed based on ranking or pooling permutation-invariant functions. We apply DEGNN to various physical dynamics, ranging from particle, molecular, crowd to vehicle dynamics. In twenty scenarios, DEGNN significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we show that DEGNN is data efficient, learning with less data, and can generalize across scenarios such as unobserved orientation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2406_16295
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Relaxing Continuous Constraints of Equivariant Graph Neural Networks for Physical Dynamics Learning
Zheng, Zinan
Liu, Yang
Li, Jia
Yao, Jianhua
Rong, Yu
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Incorporating Euclidean symmetries (e.g. rotation equivariance) as inductive biases into graph neural networks has improved their generalization ability and data efficiency in unbounded physical dynamics modeling. However, in various scientific and engineering applications, the symmetries of dynamics are frequently discrete due to the boundary conditions. Thus, existing GNNs either overlook necessary symmetry, resulting in suboptimal representation ability, or impose excessive equivariance, which fails to generalize to unobserved symmetric dynamics. In this work, we propose a general Discrete Equivariant Graph Neural Network (DEGNN) that guarantees equivariance to a given discrete point group. Specifically, we show that such discrete equivariant message passing could be constructed by transforming geometric features into permutation-invariant embeddings. Through relaxing continuous equivariant constraints, DEGNN can employ more geometric feature combinations to approximate unobserved physical object interaction functions. Two implementation approaches of DEGNN are proposed based on ranking or pooling permutation-invariant functions. We apply DEGNN to various physical dynamics, ranging from particle, molecular, crowd to vehicle dynamics. In twenty scenarios, DEGNN significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we show that DEGNN is data efficient, learning with less data, and can generalize across scenarios such as unobserved orientation.
title Relaxing Continuous Constraints of Equivariant Graph Neural Networks for Physical Dynamics Learning
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.16295