Direct observational evidence of multi-epoch massive star formation in G24.47+0.49
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arXiv
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2024
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| author | Saha, Anindya Tej, Anandmayee Liu, Hong-Li Liu, Tie Garay, Guido Goldsmith, Paul F. Lee, Chang Won He, Jinhua Juvela, Mika Bronfman, Leonardo Baug, Tapas Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique Sanhueza, Patricio Li, Shanghuo Chibueze, James O. Bhadari, N. K. Dewangan, Lokesh K. Das, Swagat Ranjan Xu, Feng-Wei Issac, Namitha Hwang, Jihye Toth, L. Viktor |
| author_facet | Saha, Anindya Tej, Anandmayee Liu, Hong-Li Liu, Tie Garay, Guido Goldsmith, Paul F. Lee, Chang Won He, Jinhua Juvela, Mika Bronfman, Leonardo Baug, Tapas Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique Sanhueza, Patricio Li, Shanghuo Chibueze, James O. Bhadari, N. K. Dewangan, Lokesh K. Das, Swagat Ranjan Xu, Feng-Wei Issac, Namitha Hwang, Jihye Toth, L. Viktor |
| contents | Using new continuum and molecular line data from the ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming Regions (ATOMS) survey and archival VLA, 4.86 GHz data, we present direct observational evidence of hierarchical triggering relating three epochs of massive star formation in a ring-like H II region, G24.47+0.49. We find from radio flux analysis that it is excited by a massive star(s) of spectral type O8.5V-O8V from the first epoch of star formation. The swept-up ionized ring structure shows evidence of secondary collapse, and within this ring a burst of massive star formation is observed in different evolutionary phases, which constitutes the second epoch. ATOMS spectral line (e.g., HCO$^+$(1-0)) observations reveal an outer concentric molecular gas ring expanding at a velocity of $\sim$ 9 $\rm km\,s^{-1}$, constituting the direct and unambiguous detection of an expanding molecular ring. It harbors twelve dense molecular cores with surface mass density greater than 0.05 $\rm g\,cm^{-2}$, a threshold typical of massive star formation. Half of them are found to be subvirial, and thus in gravitational collapse, making them third epoch of potential massive star-forming sites. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2407_01063 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Direct observational evidence of multi-epoch massive star formation in G24.47+0.49 Saha, Anindya Tej, Anandmayee Liu, Hong-Li Liu, Tie Garay, Guido Goldsmith, Paul F. Lee, Chang Won He, Jinhua Juvela, Mika Bronfman, Leonardo Baug, Tapas Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique Sanhueza, Patricio Li, Shanghuo Chibueze, James O. Bhadari, N. K. Dewangan, Lokesh K. Das, Swagat Ranjan Xu, Feng-Wei Issac, Namitha Hwang, Jihye Toth, L. Viktor Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Using new continuum and molecular line data from the ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming Regions (ATOMS) survey and archival VLA, 4.86 GHz data, we present direct observational evidence of hierarchical triggering relating three epochs of massive star formation in a ring-like H II region, G24.47+0.49. We find from radio flux analysis that it is excited by a massive star(s) of spectral type O8.5V-O8V from the first epoch of star formation. The swept-up ionized ring structure shows evidence of secondary collapse, and within this ring a burst of massive star formation is observed in different evolutionary phases, which constitutes the second epoch. ATOMS spectral line (e.g., HCO$^+$(1-0)) observations reveal an outer concentric molecular gas ring expanding at a velocity of $\sim$ 9 $\rm km\,s^{-1}$, constituting the direct and unambiguous detection of an expanding molecular ring. It harbors twelve dense molecular cores with surface mass density greater than 0.05 $\rm g\,cm^{-2}$, a threshold typical of massive star formation. Half of them are found to be subvirial, and thus in gravitational collapse, making them third epoch of potential massive star-forming sites. |
| title | Direct observational evidence of multi-epoch massive star formation in G24.47+0.49 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.01063 |