Sulphur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b
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arXiv
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2024
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| author | Powell, Diana Feinstein, Adina D. Lee, Elspeth K. H. Zhang, Michael Tsai, Shang-Min Taylor, Jake Kirk, James Bell, Taylor Barstow, Joanna K. Gao, Peter Bean, Jacob L. Blecic, Jasmina Chubb, Katy L. Crossfield, Ian J. M. Jordan, Sean Kitzmann, Daniel Moran, Sarah E. Morello, Giuseppe Moses, Julianne I. Welbanks, Luis Yang, Jeehyun Zhang, Xi Ahrer, Eva-Maria Bello-Arufe, Aaron Brande, Jonathan Casewell, S. L. Crouzet, Nicolas Cubillos, Patricio E. Demory, Brice-Olivier Dyrek, Achrène Flagg, Laura Hu, Renyu Inglis, Julie Jones, Kathryn D. Kreidberg, Laura López-Morales, Mercedes Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Valdés, Erik A. Meier Miguel, Yamila Parmentier, Vivien Piette, Anjali A. A. Rackham, Benjamin V. Radica, Michael Redfield, Seth Stevenson, Kevin B. Wakeford, Hannah R. Aggarwal, Keshav Alam, Munazza K. Batalha, Natalie M. Batalha, Natasha E. Benneke, Björn Berta-Thompson, Zach K. Brady, Ryan P. Caceres, Claudio Carter, Aarynn L. Désert, Jean-Michel Harrington, Joseph Iro, Nicolas Line, Michael R. Lothringer, Joshua D. MacDonald, Ryan J. Mancini, Luigi Molaverdikhani, Karan Mukherjee, Sagnick Nixon, Matthew C. Oza, Apurva V. Palle, Enric Rustamkulov, Zafar Sing, David K. Steinrueck, Maria E. Venot, Olivia Wheatley, Peter J. Yurchenko, Sergei N. |
| author_facet | Powell, Diana Feinstein, Adina D. Lee, Elspeth K. H. Zhang, Michael Tsai, Shang-Min Taylor, Jake Kirk, James Bell, Taylor Barstow, Joanna K. Gao, Peter Bean, Jacob L. Blecic, Jasmina Chubb, Katy L. Crossfield, Ian J. M. Jordan, Sean Kitzmann, Daniel Moran, Sarah E. Morello, Giuseppe Moses, Julianne I. Welbanks, Luis Yang, Jeehyun Zhang, Xi Ahrer, Eva-Maria Bello-Arufe, Aaron Brande, Jonathan Casewell, S. L. Crouzet, Nicolas Cubillos, Patricio E. Demory, Brice-Olivier Dyrek, Achrène Flagg, Laura Hu, Renyu Inglis, Julie Jones, Kathryn D. Kreidberg, Laura López-Morales, Mercedes Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Valdés, Erik A. Meier Miguel, Yamila Parmentier, Vivien Piette, Anjali A. A. Rackham, Benjamin V. Radica, Michael Redfield, Seth Stevenson, Kevin B. Wakeford, Hannah R. Aggarwal, Keshav Alam, Munazza K. Batalha, Natalie M. Batalha, Natasha E. Benneke, Björn Berta-Thompson, Zach K. Brady, Ryan P. Caceres, Claudio Carter, Aarynn L. Désert, Jean-Michel Harrington, Joseph Iro, Nicolas Line, Michael R. Lothringer, Joshua D. MacDonald, Ryan J. Mancini, Luigi Molaverdikhani, Karan Mukherjee, Sagnick Nixon, Matthew C. Oza, Apurva V. Palle, Enric Rustamkulov, Zafar Sing, David K. Steinrueck, Maria E. Venot, Olivia Wheatley, Peter J. Yurchenko, Sergei N. |
| contents | The recent inference of sulphur dioxide (SO$_2$) in the atmosphere of the hot ($\sim$1100 K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high temperature exoplanet atmospheres. This is due to the low ($<$1 ppb) abundance of SO$_2$ under thermochemical equilibrium, compared to that produced from the photochemistry of H$_2$O and H$_2$S (1-10 ppm). However, the SO$_2$ inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.05 $μ$m, and therefore the detection of other SO$_2$ absorption bands at different wavelengths is needed to better constrain the SO$_2$ abundance. Here we report the detection of SO$_2$ spectral features at 7.7 and 8.5 $μ$m in the 5-12 $μ$m transmission spectrum of WASP-39b measured by the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS). Our observations suggest an abundance of SO$_2$ of 0.5-25 ppm (1$σ$ range), consistent with previous findings. In addition to SO$_2$, we find broad water vapour absorption features, as well as an unexplained decrease in the transit depth at wavelengths longer than 10 $μ$m. Fitting the spectrum with a grid of atmospheric forward models, we derive an atmospheric heavy element content (metallicity) for WASP-39b of $\sim$7.1-8.0 $\times$ solar and demonstrate that photochemistry shapes the spectra of WASP-39b across a broad wavelength range. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2407_07965 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Sulphur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b Powell, Diana Feinstein, Adina D. Lee, Elspeth K. H. Zhang, Michael Tsai, Shang-Min Taylor, Jake Kirk, James Bell, Taylor Barstow, Joanna K. Gao, Peter Bean, Jacob L. Blecic, Jasmina Chubb, Katy L. Crossfield, Ian J. M. Jordan, Sean Kitzmann, Daniel Moran, Sarah E. Morello, Giuseppe Moses, Julianne I. Welbanks, Luis Yang, Jeehyun Zhang, Xi Ahrer, Eva-Maria Bello-Arufe, Aaron Brande, Jonathan Casewell, S. L. Crouzet, Nicolas Cubillos, Patricio E. Demory, Brice-Olivier Dyrek, Achrène Flagg, Laura Hu, Renyu Inglis, Julie Jones, Kathryn D. Kreidberg, Laura López-Morales, Mercedes Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Valdés, Erik A. Meier Miguel, Yamila Parmentier, Vivien Piette, Anjali A. A. Rackham, Benjamin V. Radica, Michael Redfield, Seth Stevenson, Kevin B. Wakeford, Hannah R. Aggarwal, Keshav Alam, Munazza K. Batalha, Natalie M. Batalha, Natasha E. Benneke, Björn Berta-Thompson, Zach K. Brady, Ryan P. Caceres, Claudio Carter, Aarynn L. Désert, Jean-Michel Harrington, Joseph Iro, Nicolas Line, Michael R. Lothringer, Joshua D. MacDonald, Ryan J. Mancini, Luigi Molaverdikhani, Karan Mukherjee, Sagnick Nixon, Matthew C. Oza, Apurva V. Palle, Enric Rustamkulov, Zafar Sing, David K. Steinrueck, Maria E. Venot, Olivia Wheatley, Peter J. Yurchenko, Sergei N. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics The recent inference of sulphur dioxide (SO$_2$) in the atmosphere of the hot ($\sim$1100 K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high temperature exoplanet atmospheres. This is due to the low ($<$1 ppb) abundance of SO$_2$ under thermochemical equilibrium, compared to that produced from the photochemistry of H$_2$O and H$_2$S (1-10 ppm). However, the SO$_2$ inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.05 $μ$m, and therefore the detection of other SO$_2$ absorption bands at different wavelengths is needed to better constrain the SO$_2$ abundance. Here we report the detection of SO$_2$ spectral features at 7.7 and 8.5 $μ$m in the 5-12 $μ$m transmission spectrum of WASP-39b measured by the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS). Our observations suggest an abundance of SO$_2$ of 0.5-25 ppm (1$σ$ range), consistent with previous findings. In addition to SO$_2$, we find broad water vapour absorption features, as well as an unexplained decrease in the transit depth at wavelengths longer than 10 $μ$m. Fitting the spectrum with a grid of atmospheric forward models, we derive an atmospheric heavy element content (metallicity) for WASP-39b of $\sim$7.1-8.0 $\times$ solar and demonstrate that photochemistry shapes the spectra of WASP-39b across a broad wavelength range. |
| title | Sulphur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.07965 |