LeMMINGs. Multi-wavelength constraints on the co-existence of nuclear star clusters and AGN in nucleated galaxies

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Dullo, B. T., Knapen, J. H., Baldi, R. D., Williams, D. R. A., Beswick, R. J., McHardy, I. M., Green, D. A., de Paz, A. Gil, Aalto, S., Alberdi, A., Argo, M. K., Gallagher, J. S., Klöckner, H. -R., Marcaide, J. M., Mutie, I. M., Saikia, D. J., Saikia, P., Stevens, I. R., Torrejón, S.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2024
Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Dullo, B. T. Knapen, J. H. Baldi, R. D. Williams, D. R. A. Beswick, R. J. McHardy, I. M. Green, D. A. de Paz, A. Gil Aalto, S. Alberdi, A. Argo, M. K. Gallagher, J. S. Klöckner, H. -R. Marcaide, J. M. Mutie, I. M. Saikia, D. J. Saikia, P. Stevens, I. R. Torrejón, S.
author_facet	Dullo, B. T. Knapen, J. H. Baldi, R. D. Williams, D. R. A. Beswick, R. J. McHardy, I. M. Green, D. A. de Paz, A. Gil Aalto, S. Alberdi, A. Argo, M. K. Gallagher, J. S. Klöckner, H. -R. Marcaide, J. M. Mutie, I. M. Saikia, D. J. Saikia, P. Stevens, I. R. Torrejón, S.
contents	[Abridged] The relation between nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and the growth of the central SMBHs, as well as their connection to the properties of the host galaxies, is crucial for understanding the evolution of galaxies. Recent observations have revealed that about 10 per cent of nucleated galaxies host hybrid nuclei, consisting of both NSCs and accreting SMBHs that power active galactic nuclei (AGN). Motivated by the potential of the recently published multi-wavelength data sets from LeMMINGs survey, here we present the most thorough investigation to date of the incidence of hybrid nuclei in a large sample of 100 nearby nucleated galaxies (10 E, 25 S0, 63 S, and 2 Irr), covering a wide range in stellar mass ($M_{,\rm gal} \sim 10^{8.7}-10^{12}~\rm M_{sun}$). We identify the nuclei and derive their properties by performing detailed 1D and 2D multi-component decompositions of the optical and near-infrared $HST$ stellar light distributions of the galaxies using Sérsic and core-Sérsic models. Our AGN diagnostics are based on homogeneously derived nuclear 1.5 GHz $e$-MERLIN radio, $Chandra$ X-ray (0.3--10 keV) and optical emission-line data. We determine the nucleation fraction ($f_{\rm nuc} $) as the relative incidence of nuclei across the LeMMINGs $HST$ sample and find $f_{\rm nuc} =~ $100/149 (= 67 $\pm$ 7 per cent), confirming previous work, with a peak value of 49/56~(= $88 \pm 13$ per cent) at bulge masses $M_{,\rm bulge} \sim 10^{9.4}$- $10^{10.8}~\rm M_{sun}$. We identify 30 nucleated LeMMINGs galaxies that are optically active, radio-detected and X-ray luminous ($L_{X} > 10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$). This indicates that our nucleated sample has a lower limit $\sim$ 30 per cent occupancy of hybrid nuclei, which is a function of $M_{,\rm bulge}$ and $M_{,\rm gal}$. We find that hybrid nuclei have a number density of $(1.5 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2407_10850
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	LeMMINGs. Multi-wavelength constraints on the co-existence of nuclear star clusters and AGN in nucleated galaxies Dullo, B. T. Knapen, J. H. Baldi, R. D. Williams, D. R. A. Beswick, R. J. McHardy, I. M. Green, D. A. de Paz, A. Gil Aalto, S. Alberdi, A. Argo, M. K. Gallagher, J. S. Klöckner, H. -R. Marcaide, J. M. Mutie, I. M. Saikia, D. J. Saikia, P. Stevens, I. R. Torrejón, S. Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics [Abridged] The relation between nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and the growth of the central SMBHs, as well as their connection to the properties of the host galaxies, is crucial for understanding the evolution of galaxies. Recent observations have revealed that about 10 per cent of nucleated galaxies host hybrid nuclei, consisting of both NSCs and accreting SMBHs that power active galactic nuclei (AGN). Motivated by the potential of the recently published multi-wavelength data sets from LeMMINGs survey, here we present the most thorough investigation to date of the incidence of hybrid nuclei in a large sample of 100 nearby nucleated galaxies (10 E, 25 S0, 63 S, and 2 Irr), covering a wide range in stellar mass ($M_{,\rm gal} \sim 10^{8.7}-10^{12}~\rm M_{sun}$). We identify the nuclei and derive their properties by performing detailed 1D and 2D multi-component decompositions of the optical and near-infrared $HST$ stellar light distributions of the galaxies using Sérsic and core-Sérsic models. Our AGN diagnostics are based on homogeneously derived nuclear 1.5 GHz $e$-MERLIN radio, $Chandra$ X-ray (0.3--10 keV) and optical emission-line data. We determine the nucleation fraction ($f_{\rm nuc} $) as the relative incidence of nuclei across the LeMMINGs $HST$ sample and find $f_{\rm nuc} =~ $100/149 (= 67 $\pm$ 7 per cent), confirming previous work, with a peak value of 49/56~(= $88 \pm 13$ per cent) at bulge masses $M_{,\rm bulge} \sim 10^{9.4}$- $10^{10.8}~\rm M_{sun}$. We identify 30 nucleated LeMMINGs galaxies that are optically active, radio-detected and X-ray luminous ($L_{X} > 10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$). This indicates that our nucleated sample has a lower limit $\sim$ 30 per cent occupancy of hybrid nuclei, which is a function of $M_{,\rm bulge}$ and $M_{,\rm gal}$. We find that hybrid nuclei have a number density of $(1.5 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$.
title	LeMMINGs. Multi-wavelength constraints on the co-existence of nuclear star clusters and AGN in nucleated galaxies
topic	Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.10850