Living at the Edge: A Critical Look at the Cosmological Neutrino Mass Bound

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Main Authors: Naredo-Tuero, Daniel, Escudero, Miguel, Fernández-Martínez, Enrique, Marcano, Xabier, Poulin, Vivian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Naredo-Tuero, Daniel
Escudero, Miguel
Fernández-Martínez, Enrique
Marcano, Xabier
Poulin, Vivian
author_facet Naredo-Tuero, Daniel
Escudero, Miguel
Fernández-Martínez, Enrique
Marcano, Xabier
Poulin, Vivian
contents Cosmological neutrino mass bounds are becoming increasingly stringent. The latest limit within $Λ$CDM from Planck 2018+ACT lensing+DESI is $\sum m_ν< 0.072\,{\rm eV}$ at 95\% CL, very close to the minimum possible sum of neutrino masses ($\sum m_ν> 0.06\,{\rm eV}$), hinting at vanishing or even ``negative'' cosmological neutrino masses. In this context, it is urgent to carefully evaluate the origin of these cosmological constraints. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of these results in three ways: i) we check the role of potential anomalies in Planck CMB and DESI BAO data; ii) we compare the results for frequentist and Bayesian techniques, as very close to physical boundaries subtleties in the derivation and interpretation of constraints can arise; iii) we investigate how deviations from $Λ$CDM, potentially alleviating these anomalies, can alter the constraints. From a profile likelihood analysis, we derive constraints in agreement at the $\sim 10\%$ level with Bayesian posteriors. We find that the weak preference for negative neutrino masses is mostly present for Planck 18 data, affected by the well-known `lensing anomaly'. It disappears when the new Planck 2020 HiLLiPoP is used, leading to significantly weaker constraints. Additionally, the pull towards negative masses in DESI data stems from the $z=0.7$ bin, which contains a BAO measurement in $\sim 3σ$ tension with Planck expectations. Without this bin, and in combination with HiLLiPoP, the bound relaxes to $\sum m_ν< 0.11\,{\rm eV}$ at 95\% CL. The recent preference for dynamical dark energy alleviates this tension and further weakens the bound. As we are at the dawn of a neutrino mass discovery from cosmology, it will be very exciting to see if this trend is confirmed by future data.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2407_13831
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Living at the Edge: A Critical Look at the Cosmological Neutrino Mass Bound
Naredo-Tuero, Daniel
Escudero, Miguel
Fernández-Martínez, Enrique
Marcano, Xabier
Poulin, Vivian
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmological neutrino mass bounds are becoming increasingly stringent. The latest limit within $Λ$CDM from Planck 2018+ACT lensing+DESI is $\sum m_ν< 0.072\,{\rm eV}$ at 95\% CL, very close to the minimum possible sum of neutrino masses ($\sum m_ν> 0.06\,{\rm eV}$), hinting at vanishing or even ``negative'' cosmological neutrino masses. In this context, it is urgent to carefully evaluate the origin of these cosmological constraints. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of these results in three ways: i) we check the role of potential anomalies in Planck CMB and DESI BAO data; ii) we compare the results for frequentist and Bayesian techniques, as very close to physical boundaries subtleties in the derivation and interpretation of constraints can arise; iii) we investigate how deviations from $Λ$CDM, potentially alleviating these anomalies, can alter the constraints. From a profile likelihood analysis, we derive constraints in agreement at the $\sim 10\%$ level with Bayesian posteriors. We find that the weak preference for negative neutrino masses is mostly present for Planck 18 data, affected by the well-known `lensing anomaly'. It disappears when the new Planck 2020 HiLLiPoP is used, leading to significantly weaker constraints. Additionally, the pull towards negative masses in DESI data stems from the $z=0.7$ bin, which contains a BAO measurement in $\sim 3σ$ tension with Planck expectations. Without this bin, and in combination with HiLLiPoP, the bound relaxes to $\sum m_ν< 0.11\,{\rm eV}$ at 95\% CL. The recent preference for dynamical dark energy alleviates this tension and further weakens the bound. As we are at the dawn of a neutrino mass discovery from cosmology, it will be very exciting to see if this trend is confirmed by future data.
title Living at the Edge: A Critical Look at the Cosmological Neutrino Mass Bound
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.13831