Quantum Computing Universal Thermalization Dynamics in a (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theory

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Mueller, Niklas, Wang, Tianyi, Katz, Or, Davoudi, Zohreh, Cetina, Marko
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Mueller, Niklas
Wang, Tianyi
Katz, Or
Davoudi, Zohreh
Cetina, Marko
author_facet Mueller, Niklas
Wang, Tianyi
Katz, Or
Davoudi, Zohreh
Cetina, Marko
contents Simulating non-equilibrium phenomena in strongly-interacting quantum many-body systems, including thermalization, is a promising application of near-term and future quantum computation. By performing experiments on a digital quantum computer consisting of fully-connected optically-controlled trapped ions, we study the role of entanglement in the thermalization dynamics of a $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory in 2+1 spacetime dimensions. Using randomized-measurement protocols, we efficiently learn a classical approximation of non-equilibrium states that yields the gap-ratio distribution and the spectral form factor of the entanglement Hamiltonian. These observables exhibit universal early-time signals for quantum chaos, a prerequisite for thermalization. Our work, therefore, establishes quantum computers as robust tools for studying universal features of thermalization in complex many-body systems, including in gauge theories.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2408_00069
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum Computing Universal Thermalization Dynamics in a (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theory
Mueller, Niklas
Wang, Tianyi
Katz, Or
Davoudi, Zohreh
Cetina, Marko
Quantum Physics
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
Simulating non-equilibrium phenomena in strongly-interacting quantum many-body systems, including thermalization, is a promising application of near-term and future quantum computation. By performing experiments on a digital quantum computer consisting of fully-connected optically-controlled trapped ions, we study the role of entanglement in the thermalization dynamics of a $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory in 2+1 spacetime dimensions. Using randomized-measurement protocols, we efficiently learn a classical approximation of non-equilibrium states that yields the gap-ratio distribution and the spectral form factor of the entanglement Hamiltonian. These observables exhibit universal early-time signals for quantum chaos, a prerequisite for thermalization. Our work, therefore, establishes quantum computers as robust tools for studying universal features of thermalization in complex many-body systems, including in gauge theories.
title Quantum Computing Universal Thermalization Dynamics in a (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theory
topic Quantum Physics
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.00069