Methodological Explainability Evaluation of an Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure Prediction Incorporating Counterfactual Explanations and Layerwise Relevance Propagation: A Prospective In Silico Trial

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Main Authors: Zhong, Xian, Salahuddin, Zohaib, Chen, Yi, Woodruff, Henry C, Long, Haiyi, Peng, Jianyun, Udawatte, Nuwan, Casale, Roberto, Mokhtari, Ayoub, Zhang, Xiaoer, Huang, Jiayao, Wu, Qingyu, Tan, Li, Chen, Lili, Li, Dongming, Xie, Xiaoyan, Lin, Manxia, Lambin, Philippe
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Zhong, Xian
Salahuddin, Zohaib
Chen, Yi
Woodruff, Henry C
Long, Haiyi
Peng, Jianyun
Udawatte, Nuwan
Casale, Roberto
Mokhtari, Ayoub
Zhang, Xiaoer
Huang, Jiayao
Wu, Qingyu
Tan, Li
Chen, Lili
Li, Dongming
Xie, Xiaoyan
Lin, Manxia
Lambin, Philippe
author_facet Zhong, Xian
Salahuddin, Zohaib
Chen, Yi
Woodruff, Henry C
Long, Haiyi
Peng, Jianyun
Udawatte, Nuwan
Casale, Roberto
Mokhtari, Ayoub
Zhang, Xiaoer
Huang, Jiayao
Wu, Qingyu
Tan, Li
Chen, Lili
Li, Dongming
Xie, Xiaoyan
Lin, Manxia
Lambin, Philippe
contents Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support systems have demonstrated value in predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, they often lack transparency, and the impact of model explanations on clinicians' decisions has not been thoroughly evaluated. Building on prior research, we developed a variational autoencoder-multilayer perceptron (VAE-MLP) model for preoperative PHLF prediction. This model integrated counterfactuals and layerwise relevance propagation (LRP) to provide insights into its decision-making mechanism. Additionally, we proposed a methodological framework for evaluating the explainability of AI systems. This framework includes qualitative and quantitative assessments of explanations against recognized biomarkers, usability evaluations, and an in silico clinical trial. Our evaluations demonstrated that the model's explanation correlated with established biomarkers and exhibited high usability at both the case and system levels. Furthermore, results from the three-track in silico clinical trial showed that clinicians' prediction accuracy and confidence increased when AI explanations were provided.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2408_03771
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Methodological Explainability Evaluation of an Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure Prediction Incorporating Counterfactual Explanations and Layerwise Relevance Propagation: A Prospective In Silico Trial
Zhong, Xian
Salahuddin, Zohaib
Chen, Yi
Woodruff, Henry C
Long, Haiyi
Peng, Jianyun
Udawatte, Nuwan
Casale, Roberto
Mokhtari, Ayoub
Zhang, Xiaoer
Huang, Jiayao
Wu, Qingyu
Tan, Li
Chen, Lili
Li, Dongming
Xie, Xiaoyan
Lin, Manxia
Lambin, Philippe
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision support systems have demonstrated value in predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, they often lack transparency, and the impact of model explanations on clinicians' decisions has not been thoroughly evaluated. Building on prior research, we developed a variational autoencoder-multilayer perceptron (VAE-MLP) model for preoperative PHLF prediction. This model integrated counterfactuals and layerwise relevance propagation (LRP) to provide insights into its decision-making mechanism. Additionally, we proposed a methodological framework for evaluating the explainability of AI systems. This framework includes qualitative and quantitative assessments of explanations against recognized biomarkers, usability evaluations, and an in silico clinical trial. Our evaluations demonstrated that the model's explanation correlated with established biomarkers and exhibited high usability at both the case and system levels. Furthermore, results from the three-track in silico clinical trial showed that clinicians' prediction accuracy and confidence increased when AI explanations were provided.
title Methodological Explainability Evaluation of an Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure Prediction Incorporating Counterfactual Explanations and Layerwise Relevance Propagation: A Prospective In Silico Trial
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03771