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Main Authors: Gao, Xiang, Cooper, Michael, Naghibzadeh, Maryam, Azhie, Amirhossein, Bhat, Mamatha, Krishnan, Rahul G.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05437
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author Gao, Xiang
Cooper, Michael
Naghibzadeh, Maryam
Azhie, Amirhossein
Bhat, Mamatha
Krishnan, Rahul G.
author_facet Gao, Xiang
Cooper, Michael
Naghibzadeh, Maryam
Azhie, Amirhossein
Bhat, Mamatha
Krishnan, Rahul G.
contents Liver allograft failure occurs in approximately 20% of liver transplant recipients within five years post-transplant, leading to mortality or the need for retransplantation. Providing an accurate and interpretable model for individualized risk estimation of graft failure is essential for improving post-transplant care. To this end, we introduce the Model for Allograft Survival (MAS), a simple linear risk score that outperforms other advanced survival models. Using longitudinal patient follow-up data from the United States (U.S.), we develop our models on 82,959 liver transplant recipients and conduct multi-site evaluations on 11 regions. Additionally, by testing on a separate non-U.S. cohort, we explore the out-of-distribution generalization performance of various models without additional fine-tuning, a crucial property for clinical deployment. We find that the most complex models are also the ones most vulnerable to distribution shifts despite achieving the best in-distribution performance. Our findings not only provide a strong risk score for predicting long-term graft failure but also suggest that the routine machine learning pipeline with only in-distribution held-out validation could create harmful consequences for patients at deployment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2408_05437
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Predicting Long-Term Allograft Survival in Liver Transplant Recipients
Gao, Xiang
Cooper, Michael
Naghibzadeh, Maryam
Azhie, Amirhossein
Bhat, Mamatha
Krishnan, Rahul G.
Machine Learning
Liver allograft failure occurs in approximately 20% of liver transplant recipients within five years post-transplant, leading to mortality or the need for retransplantation. Providing an accurate and interpretable model for individualized risk estimation of graft failure is essential for improving post-transplant care. To this end, we introduce the Model for Allograft Survival (MAS), a simple linear risk score that outperforms other advanced survival models. Using longitudinal patient follow-up data from the United States (U.S.), we develop our models on 82,959 liver transplant recipients and conduct multi-site evaluations on 11 regions. Additionally, by testing on a separate non-U.S. cohort, we explore the out-of-distribution generalization performance of various models without additional fine-tuning, a crucial property for clinical deployment. We find that the most complex models are also the ones most vulnerable to distribution shifts despite achieving the best in-distribution performance. Our findings not only provide a strong risk score for predicting long-term graft failure but also suggest that the routine machine learning pipeline with only in-distribution held-out validation could create harmful consequences for patients at deployment.
title Predicting Long-Term Allograft Survival in Liver Transplant Recipients
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05437