Stabilizer bootstrapping: A recipe for efficient agnostic tomography and magic estimation

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Main Authors: Chen, Sitan, Gong, Weiyuan, Ye, Qi, Zhang, Zhihan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Chen, Sitan
Gong, Weiyuan
Ye, Qi
Zhang, Zhihan
author_facet Chen, Sitan
Gong, Weiyuan
Ye, Qi
Zhang, Zhihan
contents We study the task of agnostic tomography: given copies of an unknown $n$-qubit state $ρ$ which has fidelity $τ$ with some state in a given class $C$, find a state which has fidelity $\ge τ- ε$ with $ρ$. We give a new framework, stabilizer bootstrapping, for designing computationally efficient protocols for this task, and use this to get new agnostic tomography protocols for the following classes: Stabilizer states: We give a protocol that runs in time $\mathrm{poly}(n,1/ε)\cdot (1/τ)^{O(\log(1/τ))}$, answering an open question posed by Grewal, Iyer, Kretschmer, Liang [43] and Anshu and Arunachalam [6]. Previous protocols ran in time $\mathrm{exp}(Θ(n))$ or required $τ>\cos^2(π/8)$. States with stabilizer dimension $n - t$: We give a protocol that runs in time $n^3\cdot(2^t/τ)^{O(\log(1/ε))}$, extending recent work on learning quantum states prepared by circuits with few non-Clifford gates, which only applied in the realizable setting where $τ= 1$ [33, 40, 49, 66]. Discrete product states: If $C = K^{\otimes n}$ for some $μ$-separated discrete set $K$ of single-qubit states, we give a protocol that runs in time $(n/μ)^{O((1 + \log (1/τ))/μ)}/ε^2$. This strictly generalizes a prior guarantee which applied to stabilizer product states [42]. For stabilizer product states, we give a further improved protocol that runs in time $(n^2/ε^2)\cdot (1/τ)^{O(\log(1/τ))}$. As a corollary, we give the first protocol for estimating stabilizer fidelity, a standard measure of magic for quantum states, to error $ε$ in $n^3 \mathrm{quasipoly}(1/ε)$ time.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2408_06967
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Stabilizer bootstrapping: A recipe for efficient agnostic tomography and magic estimation
Chen, Sitan
Gong, Weiyuan
Ye, Qi
Zhang, Zhihan
Quantum Physics
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
Machine Learning
We study the task of agnostic tomography: given copies of an unknown $n$-qubit state $ρ$ which has fidelity $τ$ with some state in a given class $C$, find a state which has fidelity $\ge τ- ε$ with $ρ$. We give a new framework, stabilizer bootstrapping, for designing computationally efficient protocols for this task, and use this to get new agnostic tomography protocols for the following classes: Stabilizer states: We give a protocol that runs in time $\mathrm{poly}(n,1/ε)\cdot (1/τ)^{O(\log(1/τ))}$, answering an open question posed by Grewal, Iyer, Kretschmer, Liang [43] and Anshu and Arunachalam [6]. Previous protocols ran in time $\mathrm{exp}(Θ(n))$ or required $τ>\cos^2(π/8)$. States with stabilizer dimension $n - t$: We give a protocol that runs in time $n^3\cdot(2^t/τ)^{O(\log(1/ε))}$, extending recent work on learning quantum states prepared by circuits with few non-Clifford gates, which only applied in the realizable setting where $τ= 1$ [33, 40, 49, 66]. Discrete product states: If $C = K^{\otimes n}$ for some $μ$-separated discrete set $K$ of single-qubit states, we give a protocol that runs in time $(n/μ)^{O((1 + \log (1/τ))/μ)}/ε^2$. This strictly generalizes a prior guarantee which applied to stabilizer product states [42]. For stabilizer product states, we give a further improved protocol that runs in time $(n^2/ε^2)\cdot (1/τ)^{O(\log(1/τ))}$. As a corollary, we give the first protocol for estimating stabilizer fidelity, a standard measure of magic for quantum states, to error $ε$ in $n^3 \mathrm{quasipoly}(1/ε)$ time.
title Stabilizer bootstrapping: A recipe for efficient agnostic tomography and magic estimation
topic Quantum Physics
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.06967