Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold
Fuente:
arXiv
Salvato in:
| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2024
|
| Soggetti: | |
| Accesso online: | |
| Tags: |
Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
|
| _version_ | 1866916674301591552 |
|---|---|
| author | Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bausch, Johannes Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Blackwell, Sam Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Davies, Alex De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Edlich, Thomas Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heras, Francisco J. H. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Holland, George Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Kohli, Pushmeet Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kozlovskii, Borislav Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Lacroix, Nathan Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Laptev, Pavel Lau, Kim-Ming Guevel, Loïck Le Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lensky, Yuri D. Leon, Shannon Lester, Brian J. Li, Wing Yan Li, Yin Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Malone, Fionn D. Maloney, Ashley Mandrá, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Steven Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Miao, Kevin C. Mieszala, Amanda Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Movassagh, Ramis Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Neven, Hartmut Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung O'Brien, Thomas E. Oliver, William D. Opremcak, Alex Ottosson, Kristoffer Petukhov, Andre Pizzuto, Alex Platt, John Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Pryadko, Leonid P. Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Rosenberg, Eliott Rosenfeld, Emma Roushan, Pedram Rubin, Nicholas C. Saei, Negar Sank, Daniel Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schurkus, Henry F. Schuster, Christopher Senior, Andrew W. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Singh, Shraddha Sivak, Volodymyr Skruzny, Jindra Small, Spencer Smelyanskiy, Vadim Smith, W. Clarke Somma, Rolando D. Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Strain, Doug Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Villalonga, Benjamin Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weber, Kate White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas |
| author_facet | Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bausch, Johannes Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Blackwell, Sam Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Davies, Alex De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Edlich, Thomas Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heras, Francisco J. H. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Holland, George Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Kohli, Pushmeet Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kozlovskii, Borislav Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Lacroix, Nathan Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Laptev, Pavel Lau, Kim-Ming Guevel, Loïck Le Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lensky, Yuri D. Leon, Shannon Lester, Brian J. Li, Wing Yan Li, Yin Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Malone, Fionn D. Maloney, Ashley Mandrá, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Steven Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Miao, Kevin C. Mieszala, Amanda Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Movassagh, Ramis Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Neven, Hartmut Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung O'Brien, Thomas E. Oliver, William D. Opremcak, Alex Ottosson, Kristoffer Petukhov, Andre Pizzuto, Alex Platt, John Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Pryadko, Leonid P. Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Rosenberg, Eliott Rosenfeld, Emma Roushan, Pedram Rubin, Nicholas C. Saei, Negar Sank, Daniel Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schurkus, Henry F. Schuster, Christopher Senior, Andrew W. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Singh, Shraddha Sivak, Volodymyr Skruzny, Jindra Small, Spencer Smelyanskiy, Vadim Smith, W. Clarke Somma, Rolando D. Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Strain, Doug Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Villalonga, Benjamin Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weber, Kate White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas |
| contents | Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of $Λ$ = 2.14 $\pm$ 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% $\pm$ 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit's lifetime by a factor of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 $μ$s at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 $μ$s. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3 $\times$ 10$^9$ cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2408_13687 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bausch, Johannes Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Blackwell, Sam Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Davies, Alex De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Edlich, Thomas Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heras, Francisco J. H. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Holland, George Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Kohli, Pushmeet Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kozlovskii, Borislav Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Lacroix, Nathan Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Laptev, Pavel Lau, Kim-Ming Guevel, Loïck Le Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lensky, Yuri D. Leon, Shannon Lester, Brian J. Li, Wing Yan Li, Yin Lill, Alexander T. Liu, Wayne Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lucero, Erik Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Malone, Fionn D. Maloney, Ashley Mandrá, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Steven Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Mi, Xiao Miao, Kevin C. Mieszala, Amanda Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Morvan, Alexis Movassagh, Ramis Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech Naaman, Ofer Neeley, Matthew Neill, Charles Nersisyan, Ani Neven, Hartmut Newman, Michael Ng, Jiun How Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung O'Brien, Thomas E. Oliver, William D. Opremcak, Alex Ottosson, Kristoffer Petukhov, Andre Pizzuto, Alex Platt, John Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Pryadko, Leonid P. Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Rosenberg, Eliott Rosenfeld, Emma Roushan, Pedram Rubin, Nicholas C. Saei, Negar Sank, Daniel Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schurkus, Henry F. Schuster, Christopher Senior, Andrew W. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Singh, Shraddha Sivak, Volodymyr Skruzny, Jindra Small, Spencer Smelyanskiy, Vadim Smith, W. Clarke Somma, Rolando D. Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Strain, Doug Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Torres, Alfredo Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Villalonga, Benjamin Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden Weber, Kate White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobrist, Nicholas Quantum Physics Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of $Λ$ = 2.14 $\pm$ 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% $\pm$ 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit's lifetime by a factor of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 $μ$s at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 $μ$s. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3 $\times$ 10$^9$ cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. |
| title | Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.13687 |