Redshift evolution of the X-ray and UV luminosity relation of quasars: calibrated results from SNe Ia
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866908346722811904 |
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| author | Li, Xiaolei Keeley, Ryan E. Shafieloo, Arman |
| author_facet | Li, Xiaolei Keeley, Ryan E. Shafieloo, Arman |
| contents | Quasars could serve as standard candles if the relation between their ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities can be accurately calibrated. Previously, we developed a model-independent method to calibrate quasar standard candles using the distances-redshift relation reconstructed from Type Ia supernova at z<2 using Gaussian process regression. Interestingly, we found that the calibrated quasar standard candle dataset preferred a deviation from $Λ$CDM at redshifts above z>2. One interpretation of these findings is that the calibration parameters of the quasar UV-X-ray luminosity relationship evolves with redshift. In order to test the redshift dependence of the quasar calibration in a model-independent manner, we divided the quasar sample whose redshift overlap with the redshift coverage of Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova compilation into two sub-samples: a low-redshift quasar sub-sample and a high-redshift quasar sub-sample. Our present results show that there is about a 4$σ$ inconsistency between the quasar parameters inferred from the high-redshift quasar sub-sample and from the low-redshift sub-sample if no evolution of the quasar relation is considered. This inconsistency suggests the necessity of considering redshift evolution for the relationship between the quasars$'$ ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities. We then test an explicit parametrization of the redshift evolution of the quasar calibration parameters via $γ(z) = γ_0+γ_1(1+z)$ and $β(z)=β_0+β_1(1+z)$. Combining this redshift-dependent calibration relationship with the distance-redshift relationship reconstructed from Pantheon+ supernova compilation, we find the high-redshift sub-sample and low-redshift sub-sample become consistent at the 1$σ$ level, which means that the parameterized form of $γ(z)$ and $β(z)$ works well at describing the evolution of the quasar calibration parameters. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2408_15547 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Redshift evolution of the X-ray and UV luminosity relation of quasars: calibrated results from SNe Ia Li, Xiaolei Keeley, Ryan E. Shafieloo, Arman Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Quasars could serve as standard candles if the relation between their ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities can be accurately calibrated. Previously, we developed a model-independent method to calibrate quasar standard candles using the distances-redshift relation reconstructed from Type Ia supernova at z<2 using Gaussian process regression. Interestingly, we found that the calibrated quasar standard candle dataset preferred a deviation from $Λ$CDM at redshifts above z>2. One interpretation of these findings is that the calibration parameters of the quasar UV-X-ray luminosity relationship evolves with redshift. In order to test the redshift dependence of the quasar calibration in a model-independent manner, we divided the quasar sample whose redshift overlap with the redshift coverage of Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova compilation into two sub-samples: a low-redshift quasar sub-sample and a high-redshift quasar sub-sample. Our present results show that there is about a 4$σ$ inconsistency between the quasar parameters inferred from the high-redshift quasar sub-sample and from the low-redshift sub-sample if no evolution of the quasar relation is considered. This inconsistency suggests the necessity of considering redshift evolution for the relationship between the quasars$'$ ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities. We then test an explicit parametrization of the redshift evolution of the quasar calibration parameters via $γ(z) = γ_0+γ_1(1+z)$ and $β(z)=β_0+β_1(1+z)$. Combining this redshift-dependent calibration relationship with the distance-redshift relationship reconstructed from Pantheon+ supernova compilation, we find the high-redshift sub-sample and low-redshift sub-sample become consistent at the 1$σ$ level, which means that the parameterized form of $γ(z)$ and $β(z)$ works well at describing the evolution of the quasar calibration parameters. |
| title | Redshift evolution of the X-ray and UV luminosity relation of quasars: calibrated results from SNe Ia |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15547 |