Cataclysmic Variables and AM CVn Binaries in SRG/eROSITA + Gaia: Volume Limited Samples, X-ray Luminosity Functions, and Space Densities
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Rodriguez, Antonio C. El-Badry, Kareem Suleimanov, Valery Pala, Anna F. Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Gaensicke, Boris Mori, Kaya Rich, R. Michael Sarkar, Arnab Bao, Tong de Oliveira, Raimundo Lopes Ramsay, Gavin Szkody, Paula Graham, Matthew Prince, Thomas A. Caiazzo, Ilaria Vanderbosch, Zachary P. van Roestel, Jan Das, Kaustav K. Qin, Yu-Jing Kasliwal, Mansi M. Wold, Avery Groom, Steven L. Reiley, Daniel Riddle, Reed |
| author_facet | Rodriguez, Antonio C. El-Badry, Kareem Suleimanov, Valery Pala, Anna F. Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Gaensicke, Boris Mori, Kaya Rich, R. Michael Sarkar, Arnab Bao, Tong de Oliveira, Raimundo Lopes Ramsay, Gavin Szkody, Paula Graham, Matthew Prince, Thomas A. Caiazzo, Ilaria Vanderbosch, Zachary P. van Roestel, Jan Das, Kaustav K. Qin, Yu-Jing Kasliwal, Mansi M. Wold, Avery Groom, Steven L. Reiley, Daniel Riddle, Reed |
| contents | We present volume-limited samples of cataclysmic variables (CVs) and AM CVn binaries jointly selected from SRG/eROSITA eRASS1 and \textit{Gaia} DR3 using an X-ray + optical color-color diagram (the ``X-ray Main Sequence"). This tool identifies all CV subtypes, including magnetic and low-accretion rate systems, in contrast to most previous surveys. We find 23 CVs, 3 of which are AM CVns, out to 150 pc in the Western Galactic Hemisphere. Our 150 pc sample is spectroscopically verified and complete down to $L_X = 1.3\times 10^{29} \;\textrm{erg s}^{-1}$ in the 0.2--2.3 keV band, and we also present CV candidates out to 300 pc and 1000 pc. We discovered two previously unknown systems in our 150 pc sample: the third nearest AM CVn and a magnetic period bouncer. We find the mean $L_X$ of CVs to be $\langle L_X \rangle \approx 4.6\times 10^{30} \;\textrm{erg s}^{-1}$, in contrast to previous surveys which yielded $\langle L_X \rangle \sim 10^{31}-10^{32} \;\textrm{erg s}^{-1}$. We construct X-ray luminosity functions that, for the first time, flatten out at $L_X\sim 10^{30} \; \textrm{erg s}^{-1}$. We find average number, mass, and luminosity densities of $ρ_\textrm{N, CV} = (3.7 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{-6} \textrm{pc}^{-3}$, $ρ_M = (5.0 \pm 1.0) \times 10^{-5} M_\odot^{-1}$, and $ρ_{L_X} = (2.3 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{26} \textrm{erg s}^{-1}M_\odot^{-1}$, respectively, in the solar neighborhood. Our uniform selection method also allows us to place meaningful estimates on the space density of AM CVns, $ρ_\textrm{N, AM CVn} = (5.5 \pm 3.7) \times 10^{-7} \textrm{pc}^{-3}$. Magnetic CVs and period bouncers make up $35\%$ and $25\%$ of our sample, respectively. This work, through a novel discovery technique, shows that the observed number densities of CVs and AM CVns, as well as the fraction of period bouncers, are still in tension with population synthesis estimates. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2408_16053 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cataclysmic Variables and AM CVn Binaries in SRG/eROSITA + Gaia: Volume Limited Samples, X-ray Luminosity Functions, and Space Densities Rodriguez, Antonio C. El-Badry, Kareem Suleimanov, Valery Pala, Anna F. Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Gaensicke, Boris Mori, Kaya Rich, R. Michael Sarkar, Arnab Bao, Tong de Oliveira, Raimundo Lopes Ramsay, Gavin Szkody, Paula Graham, Matthew Prince, Thomas A. Caiazzo, Ilaria Vanderbosch, Zachary P. van Roestel, Jan Das, Kaustav K. Qin, Yu-Jing Kasliwal, Mansi M. Wold, Avery Groom, Steven L. Reiley, Daniel Riddle, Reed High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We present volume-limited samples of cataclysmic variables (CVs) and AM CVn binaries jointly selected from SRG/eROSITA eRASS1 and \textit{Gaia} DR3 using an X-ray + optical color-color diagram (the ``X-ray Main Sequence"). This tool identifies all CV subtypes, including magnetic and low-accretion rate systems, in contrast to most previous surveys. We find 23 CVs, 3 of which are AM CVns, out to 150 pc in the Western Galactic Hemisphere. Our 150 pc sample is spectroscopically verified and complete down to $L_X = 1.3\times 10^{29} \;\textrm{erg s}^{-1}$ in the 0.2--2.3 keV band, and we also present CV candidates out to 300 pc and 1000 pc. We discovered two previously unknown systems in our 150 pc sample: the third nearest AM CVn and a magnetic period bouncer. We find the mean $L_X$ of CVs to be $\langle L_X \rangle \approx 4.6\times 10^{30} \;\textrm{erg s}^{-1}$, in contrast to previous surveys which yielded $\langle L_X \rangle \sim 10^{31}-10^{32} \;\textrm{erg s}^{-1}$. We construct X-ray luminosity functions that, for the first time, flatten out at $L_X\sim 10^{30} \; \textrm{erg s}^{-1}$. We find average number, mass, and luminosity densities of $ρ_\textrm{N, CV} = (3.7 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{-6} \textrm{pc}^{-3}$, $ρ_M = (5.0 \pm 1.0) \times 10^{-5} M_\odot^{-1}$, and $ρ_{L_X} = (2.3 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{26} \textrm{erg s}^{-1}M_\odot^{-1}$, respectively, in the solar neighborhood. Our uniform selection method also allows us to place meaningful estimates on the space density of AM CVns, $ρ_\textrm{N, AM CVn} = (5.5 \pm 3.7) \times 10^{-7} \textrm{pc}^{-3}$. Magnetic CVs and period bouncers make up $35\%$ and $25\%$ of our sample, respectively. This work, through a novel discovery technique, shows that the observed number densities of CVs and AM CVns, as well as the fraction of period bouncers, are still in tension with population synthesis estimates. |
| title | Cataclysmic Variables and AM CVn Binaries in SRG/eROSITA + Gaia: Volume Limited Samples, X-ray Luminosity Functions, and Space Densities |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.16053 |