Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Koning, Nick W.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05654
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866912366974730240
author Koning, Nick W.
author_facet Koning, Nick W.
contents The e-value is swiftly rising in prominence in many applications of hypothesis testing and multiple testing, yet its relationship to classical testing theory remains elusive. We unify e-values and classical testing into a single 'continuous testing' framework: we argue that e-values are simply the continuous generalization of a test. This cements their foundational role in hypothesis testing. Such continuous tests relate to the rejection probability of classical randomized tests, offering the benefits of randomized tests without the downsides of a randomized decision. By generalizing the traditional notion of power, we obtain a unified theory of optimal continuous testing that nests both classical Neyman-Pearson-optimal tests and log-optimal e-values as special cases. This implies the only difference between typical classical tests and typical e-values is a different choice of power target. We visually illustrate this in a Gaussian location model, where such tests are easy to express. Finally, we describe the relationship to the traditional p-value, and show that continuous tests offer a stronger and arguably more appropriate guarantee than p-values when used as a continuous measure of evidence.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_05654
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Continuous Testing: Unifying Tests and E-values
Koning, Nick W.
Statistics Theory
The e-value is swiftly rising in prominence in many applications of hypothesis testing and multiple testing, yet its relationship to classical testing theory remains elusive. We unify e-values and classical testing into a single 'continuous testing' framework: we argue that e-values are simply the continuous generalization of a test. This cements their foundational role in hypothesis testing. Such continuous tests relate to the rejection probability of classical randomized tests, offering the benefits of randomized tests without the downsides of a randomized decision. By generalizing the traditional notion of power, we obtain a unified theory of optimal continuous testing that nests both classical Neyman-Pearson-optimal tests and log-optimal e-values as special cases. This implies the only difference between typical classical tests and typical e-values is a different choice of power target. We visually illustrate this in a Gaussian location model, where such tests are easy to express. Finally, we describe the relationship to the traditional p-value, and show that continuous tests offer a stronger and arguably more appropriate guarantee than p-values when used as a continuous measure of evidence.
title Continuous Testing: Unifying Tests and E-values
topic Statistics Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.05654