Spectroscopy using a visible photonic lantern at the Subaru telescope: Laboratory characterization and first on-sky demonstration on Ikiiki (α Leo) and `Aua (α Ori)
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2024
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| author | Vievard, Sébastien Lallement, Manon Leon-Saval, Sergio Guyon, Olivier Jovanovic, Nemanja Huby, Elsa Lacour, Sylvestre Lozi, Julien Deo, Vincent Ahn, Kyohoon Lucas, Miles Sallum, Steph Norris, Barnaby Betters, Chris Amezcua-Correa, Rodrygo Yerolatsitis, Stephanos Fitzgerald, Michael Lin, Jon Kim, Yoo Jung Gatkine, Pradip Kotani, Takayuki Tamura, Motohide Currie, Thayne Kenchington, Harry-Dean Martin, Guillermo Perrin, Guy |
| author_facet | Vievard, Sébastien Lallement, Manon Leon-Saval, Sergio Guyon, Olivier Jovanovic, Nemanja Huby, Elsa Lacour, Sylvestre Lozi, Julien Deo, Vincent Ahn, Kyohoon Lucas, Miles Sallum, Steph Norris, Barnaby Betters, Chris Amezcua-Correa, Rodrygo Yerolatsitis, Stephanos Fitzgerald, Michael Lin, Jon Kim, Yoo Jung Gatkine, Pradip Kotani, Takayuki Tamura, Motohide Currie, Thayne Kenchington, Harry-Dean Martin, Guillermo Perrin, Guy |
| contents | Photonic lanterns are waveguide devices enabling high throughput single mode spectroscopy and high angular resolution. We aim to present the first on-sky demonstration of a photonic lantern (PL) operating in visible light, to measure its throughput and assess its potential for high-resolution spectroscopy of compact objects. We used the SCExAO instrument (a double stage extreme AO system installed at the Subaru telescope) and FIRST mid-resolution spectrograph (R 3000) to test the visible capabilities of the PL on internal source and on-sky observations. The best averaged coupling efficiency over the PL field of view was measured at 51% +/- 10% with a peak at 80%. We also investigate the relationship between coupling efficiency and the Strehl ratio for a PL, comparing them with those of a single-mode fiber (SMF). Findings show that in the AO regime, a PL offers better coupling efficiency performance than a SMF, especially in the presence of low spatial frequency aberrations. We observed Ikiiki (alpha Leo - mR = 1.37) and `Aua (alpha Ori - mR = -1.17) at a frame rate of 200 Hz. Under median seeing conditions (about 1 arcsec measured in H band) and large tip/tilt residuals (over 20 mas), we estimated an average light coupling efficiency of 14.5% +/- 7.4%, with a maximum of 42.8% at 680 nm. We were able to reconstruct both star's spectra, containing various absorption lines. The successful demonstration of this device opens new possibilities in terms of high throughput single-mode fiber-fed spectroscopy in the Visible. The demonstrated on-sky coupling efficiency performance would not have been achievable with a single SMF injection setup under similar conditions, partly because the residual tip/tilt alone exceeded the field of view of a visible SMF (18 mas at 700 nm). Thus emphasizing the enhanced resilience of PL technology to such atmospheric disturbances. The additional |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_06958 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spectroscopy using a visible photonic lantern at the Subaru telescope: Laboratory characterization and first on-sky demonstration on Ikiiki (α Leo) and `Aua (α Ori) Vievard, Sébastien Lallement, Manon Leon-Saval, Sergio Guyon, Olivier Jovanovic, Nemanja Huby, Elsa Lacour, Sylvestre Lozi, Julien Deo, Vincent Ahn, Kyohoon Lucas, Miles Sallum, Steph Norris, Barnaby Betters, Chris Amezcua-Correa, Rodrygo Yerolatsitis, Stephanos Fitzgerald, Michael Lin, Jon Kim, Yoo Jung Gatkine, Pradip Kotani, Takayuki Tamura, Motohide Currie, Thayne Kenchington, Harry-Dean Martin, Guillermo Perrin, Guy Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Photonic lanterns are waveguide devices enabling high throughput single mode spectroscopy and high angular resolution. We aim to present the first on-sky demonstration of a photonic lantern (PL) operating in visible light, to measure its throughput and assess its potential for high-resolution spectroscopy of compact objects. We used the SCExAO instrument (a double stage extreme AO system installed at the Subaru telescope) and FIRST mid-resolution spectrograph (R 3000) to test the visible capabilities of the PL on internal source and on-sky observations. The best averaged coupling efficiency over the PL field of view was measured at 51% +/- 10% with a peak at 80%. We also investigate the relationship between coupling efficiency and the Strehl ratio for a PL, comparing them with those of a single-mode fiber (SMF). Findings show that in the AO regime, a PL offers better coupling efficiency performance than a SMF, especially in the presence of low spatial frequency aberrations. We observed Ikiiki (alpha Leo - mR = 1.37) and `Aua (alpha Ori - mR = -1.17) at a frame rate of 200 Hz. Under median seeing conditions (about 1 arcsec measured in H band) and large tip/tilt residuals (over 20 mas), we estimated an average light coupling efficiency of 14.5% +/- 7.4%, with a maximum of 42.8% at 680 nm. We were able to reconstruct both star's spectra, containing various absorption lines. The successful demonstration of this device opens new possibilities in terms of high throughput single-mode fiber-fed spectroscopy in the Visible. The demonstrated on-sky coupling efficiency performance would not have been achievable with a single SMF injection setup under similar conditions, partly because the residual tip/tilt alone exceeded the field of view of a visible SMF (18 mas at 700 nm). Thus emphasizing the enhanced resilience of PL technology to such atmospheric disturbances. The additional |
| title | Spectroscopy using a visible photonic lantern at the Subaru telescope: Laboratory characterization and first on-sky demonstration on Ikiiki (α Leo) and `Aua (α Ori) |
| topic | Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06958 |