Duality-preserving deformation of 3+1d lattice $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory with exact gapped ground states

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Gorantla, Pranay, Huang, Tzu-Chen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Gorantla, Pranay
Huang, Tzu-Chen
author_facet Gorantla, Pranay
Huang, Tzu-Chen
contents We propose and analyze a deformation of the 3+1d lattice $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory that preserves the non-invertible Wegner duality symmetry at the self-dual point. We identify a frustration-free point along this deformation where there are nine exactly degenerate ground states (on a periodic cubic lattice) even at finite volume. One of these ground states is a trivial product state and the rest are the topologically-ordered ground states of the 3+1d toric code. We also prove that the frustration-free point is gapped in the thermodynamic limit. Our model, therefore, realizes a gapped phase with spontaneously broken Wegner duality symmetry. Furthermore, by imposing the Gauss law constraints energetically, all the above features can be realized on a tensor product Hilbert space. Finally, we discuss a generalization of this deformation to the 3+1d lattice $\mathbb Z_N$ gauge theory and conjecture the possible phase diagram.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_10612
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Duality-preserving deformation of 3+1d lattice $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory with exact gapped ground states
Gorantla, Pranay
Huang, Tzu-Chen
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Statistical Mechanics
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
We propose and analyze a deformation of the 3+1d lattice $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory that preserves the non-invertible Wegner duality symmetry at the self-dual point. We identify a frustration-free point along this deformation where there are nine exactly degenerate ground states (on a periodic cubic lattice) even at finite volume. One of these ground states is a trivial product state and the rest are the topologically-ordered ground states of the 3+1d toric code. We also prove that the frustration-free point is gapped in the thermodynamic limit. Our model, therefore, realizes a gapped phase with spontaneously broken Wegner duality symmetry. Furthermore, by imposing the Gauss law constraints energetically, all the above features can be realized on a tensor product Hilbert space. Finally, we discuss a generalization of this deformation to the 3+1d lattice $\mathbb Z_N$ gauge theory and conjecture the possible phase diagram.
title Duality-preserving deformation of 3+1d lattice $\mathbb Z_2$ gauge theory with exact gapped ground states
topic Strongly Correlated Electrons
Statistical Mechanics
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Theory
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.10612