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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.12261 |
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| _version_ | 1866915068379136000 |
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| author | The GRAVITY Collaboration Dayem, Karim Abd El Abuter, Roberto Aimar, Nicolas Seoane, Pau Amaro Amorim, Antonio Beck, Julie Berger, Jean Philippe Bonnet, Henri Bourdarot, Guillaume Brandner, Wolfgang Cardoso, Vitor Dolcetta, Roberto Capuzzo Clénet, Yann Davies, Ric de Zeeuw, Tim Drescher, Antonia Eckart, Andreas Eisenhauer, Frank Feuchtgruber, Helmut Finger, Gert Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster Foschi, Arianna Gao, Feng Garcia, Paulo Gendron, Eric Genzel, Reinhard Gillessen, Stefan Hartl, Michael Haubois, Xavier Haussman, Frank Heißel, Gernot Hennig, Thomas Hippler, Stefan Horrobin, Matthew Jochum, Lieselotte Jocou, Laurent Kaufer, Andreas Kervella, Pierre Lacour, Sylvestre Lapeyrère, Vincent Bouquin, Jean B. Le Léna, Pierre Lutz, Dieter Mang, Felix More, Nikhil Ott, Thomas Paumard, Thibaut Perraut, Karine Perrin, Guy Pfuhl, Oliver Rabien, Sebastien Ribeiro, Diogo C. Bordoni, Matteo Sadun Scheithauer, Silvia Shangguan, Jinyi Shimizu, Taro Stadler, Julia Straub, Odele Straubmeier, Christian Sturm, Eckhard Tacconi, Linda J. Urso, Irene Vincent, Frederic Von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D. Widmann, Felix Wieprecht, Ekkehard Woillez, Julien Zhang, Fupeng |
| author_facet | The GRAVITY Collaboration Dayem, Karim Abd El Abuter, Roberto Aimar, Nicolas Seoane, Pau Amaro Amorim, Antonio Beck, Julie Berger, Jean Philippe Bonnet, Henri Bourdarot, Guillaume Brandner, Wolfgang Cardoso, Vitor Dolcetta, Roberto Capuzzo Clénet, Yann Davies, Ric de Zeeuw, Tim Drescher, Antonia Eckart, Andreas Eisenhauer, Frank Feuchtgruber, Helmut Finger, Gert Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster Foschi, Arianna Gao, Feng Garcia, Paulo Gendron, Eric Genzel, Reinhard Gillessen, Stefan Hartl, Michael Haubois, Xavier Haussman, Frank Heißel, Gernot Hennig, Thomas Hippler, Stefan Horrobin, Matthew Jochum, Lieselotte Jocou, Laurent Kaufer, Andreas Kervella, Pierre Lacour, Sylvestre Lapeyrère, Vincent Bouquin, Jean B. Le Léna, Pierre Lutz, Dieter Mang, Felix More, Nikhil Ott, Thomas Paumard, Thibaut Perraut, Karine Perrin, Guy Pfuhl, Oliver Rabien, Sebastien Ribeiro, Diogo C. Bordoni, Matteo Sadun Scheithauer, Silvia Shangguan, Jinyi Shimizu, Taro Stadler, Julia Straub, Odele Straubmeier, Christian Sturm, Eckhard Tacconi, Linda J. Urso, Irene Vincent, Frederic Von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D. Widmann, Felix Wieprecht, Ekkehard Woillez, Julien Zhang, Fupeng |
| contents | Studying the orbital motion of stars around Sagittarius A* in the Galactic Center provides a unique opportunity to probe the gravitational potential near the supermassive black hole at the heart of our Galaxy. Interferometric data obtained with the GRAVITY instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) since 2016 has allowed us to achieve unprecedented precision in tracking the orbits of these stars. GRAVITY data have been key to detecting the in-plane, prograde Schwarzschild precession of the orbit of the star S2, as predicted by General Relativity. By combining astrometric and spectroscopic data from multiple stars, including S2, S29, S38, and S55 - for which we have data around their time of pericenter passage with GRAVITY - we can now strengthen the significance of this detection to an approximately $10 σ$ confidence level. The prograde precession of S2's orbit provides valuable insights into the potential presence of an extended mass distribution surrounding Sagittarius A*, which could consist of a dynamically relaxed stellar cusp comprised of old stars and stellar remnants, along with a possible dark matter spike. Our analysis, based on two plausible density profiles - a power-law and a Plummer profile - constrains the enclosed mass within the orbit of S2 to be consistent with zero, establishing an upper limit of approximately $1200 \, M_\odot$ with a $1 σ$ confidence level. This significantly improves our constraints on the mass distribution in the Galactic Center. Our upper limit is very close to the expected value from numerical simulations for a stellar cusp in the Galactic Center, leaving little room for a significant enhancement of dark matter density near Sagittarius A*. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_12261 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Improving constraints on the extended mass distribution in the Galactic Center with stellar orbits The GRAVITY Collaboration Dayem, Karim Abd El Abuter, Roberto Aimar, Nicolas Seoane, Pau Amaro Amorim, Antonio Beck, Julie Berger, Jean Philippe Bonnet, Henri Bourdarot, Guillaume Brandner, Wolfgang Cardoso, Vitor Dolcetta, Roberto Capuzzo Clénet, Yann Davies, Ric de Zeeuw, Tim Drescher, Antonia Eckart, Andreas Eisenhauer, Frank Feuchtgruber, Helmut Finger, Gert Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster Foschi, Arianna Gao, Feng Garcia, Paulo Gendron, Eric Genzel, Reinhard Gillessen, Stefan Hartl, Michael Haubois, Xavier Haussman, Frank Heißel, Gernot Hennig, Thomas Hippler, Stefan Horrobin, Matthew Jochum, Lieselotte Jocou, Laurent Kaufer, Andreas Kervella, Pierre Lacour, Sylvestre Lapeyrère, Vincent Bouquin, Jean B. Le Léna, Pierre Lutz, Dieter Mang, Felix More, Nikhil Ott, Thomas Paumard, Thibaut Perraut, Karine Perrin, Guy Pfuhl, Oliver Rabien, Sebastien Ribeiro, Diogo C. Bordoni, Matteo Sadun Scheithauer, Silvia Shangguan, Jinyi Shimizu, Taro Stadler, Julia Straub, Odele Straubmeier, Christian Sturm, Eckhard Tacconi, Linda J. Urso, Irene Vincent, Frederic Von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D. Widmann, Felix Wieprecht, Ekkehard Woillez, Julien Zhang, Fupeng Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Studying the orbital motion of stars around Sagittarius A* in the Galactic Center provides a unique opportunity to probe the gravitational potential near the supermassive black hole at the heart of our Galaxy. Interferometric data obtained with the GRAVITY instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) since 2016 has allowed us to achieve unprecedented precision in tracking the orbits of these stars. GRAVITY data have been key to detecting the in-plane, prograde Schwarzschild precession of the orbit of the star S2, as predicted by General Relativity. By combining astrometric and spectroscopic data from multiple stars, including S2, S29, S38, and S55 - for which we have data around their time of pericenter passage with GRAVITY - we can now strengthen the significance of this detection to an approximately $10 σ$ confidence level. The prograde precession of S2's orbit provides valuable insights into the potential presence of an extended mass distribution surrounding Sagittarius A*, which could consist of a dynamically relaxed stellar cusp comprised of old stars and stellar remnants, along with a possible dark matter spike. Our analysis, based on two plausible density profiles - a power-law and a Plummer profile - constrains the enclosed mass within the orbit of S2 to be consistent with zero, establishing an upper limit of approximately $1200 \, M_\odot$ with a $1 σ$ confidence level. This significantly improves our constraints on the mass distribution in the Galactic Center. Our upper limit is very close to the expected value from numerical simulations for a stellar cusp in the Galactic Center, leaving little room for a significant enhancement of dark matter density near Sagittarius A*. |
| title | Improving constraints on the extended mass distribution in the Galactic Center with stellar orbits |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.12261 |