Hardware-efficient quantum error correction via concatenated bosonic qubits
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arXiv
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2024
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| author | Putterman, Harald Noh, Kyungjoo Hann, Connor T. MacCabe, Gregory S. Aghaeimeibodi, Shahriar Patel, Rishi N. Lee, Menyoung Jones, William M. Moradinejad, Hesam Rodriguez, Roberto Mahuli, Neha Rose, Jefferson Owens, John Clai Levine, Harry Rosenfeld, Emma Reinhold, Philip Moncelsi, Lorenzo Alcid, Joshua Ari Alidoust, Nasser Arrangoiz-Arriola, Patricio Barnett, James Bienias, Przemyslaw Carson, Hugh A. Chen, Cliff Chen, Li Chinkezian, Harutiun Chisholm, Eric M. Chou, Ming-Han Clerk, Aashish Clifford, Andrew Cosmic, R. Curiel, Ana Valdes Davis, Erik DeLorenzo, Laura D'Ewart, J. Mitchell Diky, Art D'Souza, Nathan Dumitrescu, Philipp T. Eisenmann, Shmuel Elkhouly, Essam Evenbly, Glen Fang, Michael T. Fang, Yawen Fling, Matthew J. Fon, Warren Garcia, Gabriel Gorshkov, Alexey V. Grant, Julia A. Gray, Mason J. Grimberg, Sebastian Grimsmo, Arne L. Haim, Arbel Hand, Justin He, Yuan Hernandez, Mike Hover, David Hung, Jimmy S. C. Hunt, Matthew Iverson, Joe Jarrige, Ignace Jaskula, Jean-Christophe Jiang, Liang Kalaee, Mahmoud Karabalin, Rassul Karalekas, Peter J. Keller, Andrew J. Khalajhedayati, Amirhossein Kubica, Aleksander Lee, Hanho Leroux, Catherine Lieu, Simon Ly, Victor Madrigal, Keven Villegas Marcaud, Guillaume McCabe, Gavin Miles, Cody Milsted, Ashley Minguzzi, Joaquin Mishra, Anurag Mukherjee, Biswaroop Naghiloo, Mahdi Oblepias, Eric Ortuno, Gerson Pagdilao, Jason Pancotti, Nicola Panduro, Ashley Paquette, JP Park, Minje Peairs, Gregory A. Perello, David Peterson, Eric C. Ponte, Sophia Preskill, John Qiao, Johnson Refael, Gil Resnick, Rachel Retzker, Alex Reyna, Omar A. Runyan, Marc Ryan, Colm A. Sahmoud, Abdulrahman Sanchez, Ernesto Sanil, Rohan Sankar, Krishanu Sato, Yuki Scaffidi, Thomas Siavoshi, Salome Sivarajah, Prasahnt Skogland, Trenton Su, Chun-Ju Swenson, Loren J. Teo, Stephanie M. Tomada, Astrid Torlai, Giacomo Wollack, E. Alex Ye, Yufeng Zerrudo, Jessica A. Zhang, Kailing Brandão, Fernando G. S. L. Matheny, Matthew H. Painter, Oskar |
| author_facet | Putterman, Harald Noh, Kyungjoo Hann, Connor T. MacCabe, Gregory S. Aghaeimeibodi, Shahriar Patel, Rishi N. Lee, Menyoung Jones, William M. Moradinejad, Hesam Rodriguez, Roberto Mahuli, Neha Rose, Jefferson Owens, John Clai Levine, Harry Rosenfeld, Emma Reinhold, Philip Moncelsi, Lorenzo Alcid, Joshua Ari Alidoust, Nasser Arrangoiz-Arriola, Patricio Barnett, James Bienias, Przemyslaw Carson, Hugh A. Chen, Cliff Chen, Li Chinkezian, Harutiun Chisholm, Eric M. Chou, Ming-Han Clerk, Aashish Clifford, Andrew Cosmic, R. Curiel, Ana Valdes Davis, Erik DeLorenzo, Laura D'Ewart, J. Mitchell Diky, Art D'Souza, Nathan Dumitrescu, Philipp T. Eisenmann, Shmuel Elkhouly, Essam Evenbly, Glen Fang, Michael T. Fang, Yawen Fling, Matthew J. Fon, Warren Garcia, Gabriel Gorshkov, Alexey V. Grant, Julia A. Gray, Mason J. Grimberg, Sebastian Grimsmo, Arne L. Haim, Arbel Hand, Justin He, Yuan Hernandez, Mike Hover, David Hung, Jimmy S. C. Hunt, Matthew Iverson, Joe Jarrige, Ignace Jaskula, Jean-Christophe Jiang, Liang Kalaee, Mahmoud Karabalin, Rassul Karalekas, Peter J. Keller, Andrew J. Khalajhedayati, Amirhossein Kubica, Aleksander Lee, Hanho Leroux, Catherine Lieu, Simon Ly, Victor Madrigal, Keven Villegas Marcaud, Guillaume McCabe, Gavin Miles, Cody Milsted, Ashley Minguzzi, Joaquin Mishra, Anurag Mukherjee, Biswaroop Naghiloo, Mahdi Oblepias, Eric Ortuno, Gerson Pagdilao, Jason Pancotti, Nicola Panduro, Ashley Paquette, JP Park, Minje Peairs, Gregory A. Perello, David Peterson, Eric C. Ponte, Sophia Preskill, John Qiao, Johnson Refael, Gil Resnick, Rachel Retzker, Alex Reyna, Omar A. Runyan, Marc Ryan, Colm A. Sahmoud, Abdulrahman Sanchez, Ernesto Sanil, Rohan Sankar, Krishanu Sato, Yuki Scaffidi, Thomas Siavoshi, Salome Sivarajah, Prasahnt Skogland, Trenton Su, Chun-Ju Swenson, Loren J. Teo, Stephanie M. Tomada, Astrid Torlai, Giacomo Wollack, E. Alex Ye, Yufeng Zerrudo, Jessica A. Zhang, Kailing Brandão, Fernando G. S. L. Matheny, Matthew H. Painter, Oskar |
| contents | In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead typically associated with error correction motivates the search for more hardware-efficient approaches. Here, using a microfabricated superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits with an outer repetition code of distance $d=5$. The bosonic cat qubits are passively protected against bit flips using a stabilizing circuit. Cat-qubit phase-flip errors are corrected by the repetition code which uses ancilla transmons for syndrome measurement. We realize a noise-biased CX gate which ensures bit-flip error suppression is maintained during error correction. We study the performance and scaling of the logical qubit memory, finding that the phase-flip correcting repetition code operates below threshold, with logical phase-flip error decreasing with code distance from $d=3$ to $d=5$. Concurrently, the logical bit-flip error is suppressed with increasing cat-qubit mean photon number. The minimum measured logical error per cycle is on average $1.75(2)\%$ for the distance-3 code sections, and $1.65(3)\%$ for the longer distance-5 code, demonstrating the effectiveness of bit-flip error suppression throughout the error correction cycle. These results, where the intrinsic error suppression of the bosonic encodings allows us to use a hardware-efficient outer error correcting code, indicate that concatenated bosonic codes are a compelling paradigm for reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_13025 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Hardware-efficient quantum error correction via concatenated bosonic qubits Putterman, Harald Noh, Kyungjoo Hann, Connor T. MacCabe, Gregory S. Aghaeimeibodi, Shahriar Patel, Rishi N. Lee, Menyoung Jones, William M. Moradinejad, Hesam Rodriguez, Roberto Mahuli, Neha Rose, Jefferson Owens, John Clai Levine, Harry Rosenfeld, Emma Reinhold, Philip Moncelsi, Lorenzo Alcid, Joshua Ari Alidoust, Nasser Arrangoiz-Arriola, Patricio Barnett, James Bienias, Przemyslaw Carson, Hugh A. Chen, Cliff Chen, Li Chinkezian, Harutiun Chisholm, Eric M. Chou, Ming-Han Clerk, Aashish Clifford, Andrew Cosmic, R. Curiel, Ana Valdes Davis, Erik DeLorenzo, Laura D'Ewart, J. Mitchell Diky, Art D'Souza, Nathan Dumitrescu, Philipp T. Eisenmann, Shmuel Elkhouly, Essam Evenbly, Glen Fang, Michael T. Fang, Yawen Fling, Matthew J. Fon, Warren Garcia, Gabriel Gorshkov, Alexey V. Grant, Julia A. Gray, Mason J. Grimberg, Sebastian Grimsmo, Arne L. Haim, Arbel Hand, Justin He, Yuan Hernandez, Mike Hover, David Hung, Jimmy S. C. Hunt, Matthew Iverson, Joe Jarrige, Ignace Jaskula, Jean-Christophe Jiang, Liang Kalaee, Mahmoud Karabalin, Rassul Karalekas, Peter J. Keller, Andrew J. Khalajhedayati, Amirhossein Kubica, Aleksander Lee, Hanho Leroux, Catherine Lieu, Simon Ly, Victor Madrigal, Keven Villegas Marcaud, Guillaume McCabe, Gavin Miles, Cody Milsted, Ashley Minguzzi, Joaquin Mishra, Anurag Mukherjee, Biswaroop Naghiloo, Mahdi Oblepias, Eric Ortuno, Gerson Pagdilao, Jason Pancotti, Nicola Panduro, Ashley Paquette, JP Park, Minje Peairs, Gregory A. Perello, David Peterson, Eric C. Ponte, Sophia Preskill, John Qiao, Johnson Refael, Gil Resnick, Rachel Retzker, Alex Reyna, Omar A. Runyan, Marc Ryan, Colm A. Sahmoud, Abdulrahman Sanchez, Ernesto Sanil, Rohan Sankar, Krishanu Sato, Yuki Scaffidi, Thomas Siavoshi, Salome Sivarajah, Prasahnt Skogland, Trenton Su, Chun-Ju Swenson, Loren J. Teo, Stephanie M. Tomada, Astrid Torlai, Giacomo Wollack, E. Alex Ye, Yufeng Zerrudo, Jessica A. Zhang, Kailing Brandão, Fernando G. S. L. Matheny, Matthew H. Painter, Oskar Quantum Physics In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead typically associated with error correction motivates the search for more hardware-efficient approaches. Here, using a microfabricated superconducting quantum circuit, we realize a logical qubit memory formed from the concatenation of encoded bosonic cat qubits with an outer repetition code of distance $d=5$. The bosonic cat qubits are passively protected against bit flips using a stabilizing circuit. Cat-qubit phase-flip errors are corrected by the repetition code which uses ancilla transmons for syndrome measurement. We realize a noise-biased CX gate which ensures bit-flip error suppression is maintained during error correction. We study the performance and scaling of the logical qubit memory, finding that the phase-flip correcting repetition code operates below threshold, with logical phase-flip error decreasing with code distance from $d=3$ to $d=5$. Concurrently, the logical bit-flip error is suppressed with increasing cat-qubit mean photon number. The minimum measured logical error per cycle is on average $1.75(2)\%$ for the distance-3 code sections, and $1.65(3)\%$ for the longer distance-5 code, demonstrating the effectiveness of bit-flip error suppression throughout the error correction cycle. These results, where the intrinsic error suppression of the bosonic encodings allows us to use a hardware-efficient outer error correcting code, indicate that concatenated bosonic codes are a compelling paradigm for reaching fault-tolerant quantum computation. |
| title | Hardware-efficient quantum error correction via concatenated bosonic qubits |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.13025 |