Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Randomness Certification from Incompatibility

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Yi, Xiang, Yu, Tura, Jordi, He, Qiongyi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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_version_ 1866914101395980288
author Li, Yi
Xiang, Yu
Tura, Jordi
He, Qiongyi
author_facet Li, Yi
Xiang, Yu
Tura, Jordi
He, Qiongyi
contents Quantum randomness can be certified from probabilistic behaviors demonstrating Bell nonlocality or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, leveraging outcomes from uncharacterized devices. However, such nonlocal correlations are not always sufficient for this task, necessitating the identification of required minimum quantum resources. In this work, we provide the necessary and sufficient condition for nonzero certifiable randomness in terms of measurement incompatibility and develop approaches to detect them. Firstly, we show that the steering-based randomness can be certified if and only if the correlations arise from a measurement compatibility structure that is not isomorphic to a hypergraph containing a star subgraph. In such a structure, the central measurement is individually compatible with the measurements at branch sites, precluding certifiable randomness in the central measurement outcomes. Subsequently, we generalize this result to the Bell scenario, proving that the violation of any chain inequality involving $m$ inputs and $d$ outputs rules out such a compatibility structure, thereby validating all chain inequalities as credible witnesses for randomness certification. Our results point out the role of incompatibility structure in generating random numbers, offering a way to identify minimum quantum resources for the task.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_14991
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Randomness Certification from Incompatibility
Li, Yi
Xiang, Yu
Tura, Jordi
He, Qiongyi
Quantum Physics
Quantum randomness can be certified from probabilistic behaviors demonstrating Bell nonlocality or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, leveraging outcomes from uncharacterized devices. However, such nonlocal correlations are not always sufficient for this task, necessitating the identification of required minimum quantum resources. In this work, we provide the necessary and sufficient condition for nonzero certifiable randomness in terms of measurement incompatibility and develop approaches to detect them. Firstly, we show that the steering-based randomness can be certified if and only if the correlations arise from a measurement compatibility structure that is not isomorphic to a hypergraph containing a star subgraph. In such a structure, the central measurement is individually compatible with the measurements at branch sites, precluding certifiable randomness in the central measurement outcomes. Subsequently, we generalize this result to the Bell scenario, proving that the violation of any chain inequality involving $m$ inputs and $d$ outputs rules out such a compatibility structure, thereby validating all chain inequalities as credible witnesses for randomness certification. Our results point out the role of incompatibility structure in generating random numbers, offering a way to identify minimum quantum resources for the task.
title Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Randomness Certification from Incompatibility
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.14991