The geometric phase transition of the three-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge model

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Agrawal, Ramgopal, Cugliandolo, Leticia F., Faoro, Lara, Ioffe, Lev B., Picco, Marco
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Agrawal, Ramgopal
Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
Faoro, Lara
Ioffe, Lev B.
Picco, Marco
author_facet Agrawal, Ramgopal
Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
Faoro, Lara
Ioffe, Lev B.
Picco, Marco
contents After fifty years of lattice gauge theories (LGTs), the nature of the transition between their topological phases (confinement/deconfinement) remains challenging due to the absence of a local order parameter. In this work, we conduct a percolation analysis of Wegner's three-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge model using intensive Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling, offering fresh insights into the topological phase transitions of gauge-invariant systems. We demonstrate that, regardless of the connection rules, geometrical loops, constructed by piercing excited plaquettes percolate precisely at the thermal critical point $T_{\rm c}$, with critical exponents coinciding with those of the loop representation of the dual 3D Ising model. Further, we construct Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) clusters in a random-cluster representation, showing that they also percolate at $T_{\rm c}$, enabling access to all thermal critical exponents. Strikingly, the Binder cumulants of the percolation order parameters for both loops and FK clusters reveal a pseudo-first-order transition. This work sheds new light on the critical behavior of pure LGTs, with potential implications for condensed matter systems and quantum error correction.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_15123
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The geometric phase transition of the three-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge model
Agrawal, Ramgopal
Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
Faoro, Lara
Ioffe, Lev B.
Picco, Marco
Statistical Mechanics
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Theory
After fifty years of lattice gauge theories (LGTs), the nature of the transition between their topological phases (confinement/deconfinement) remains challenging due to the absence of a local order parameter. In this work, we conduct a percolation analysis of Wegner's three-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge model using intensive Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling, offering fresh insights into the topological phase transitions of gauge-invariant systems. We demonstrate that, regardless of the connection rules, geometrical loops, constructed by piercing excited plaquettes percolate precisely at the thermal critical point $T_{\rm c}$, with critical exponents coinciding with those of the loop representation of the dual 3D Ising model. Further, we construct Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) clusters in a random-cluster representation, showing that they also percolate at $T_{\rm c}$, enabling access to all thermal critical exponents. Strikingly, the Binder cumulants of the percolation order parameters for both loops and FK clusters reveal a pseudo-first-order transition. This work sheds new light on the critical behavior of pure LGTs, with potential implications for condensed matter systems and quantum error correction.
title The geometric phase transition of the three-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge model
topic Statistical Mechanics
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.15123