False Alarm Rate based Statistical Detection Limit for Astronomical Photon Detectors

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Lau, Albert Wai Kit, Fung, Leo W. H., Smoot, George F.
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2024
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author Lau, Albert Wai Kit
Fung, Leo W. H.
Smoot, George F.
author_facet Lau, Albert Wai Kit
Fung, Leo W. H.
Smoot, George F.
contents In ultra-fast astronomical observations featuring fast transients on sub-$μ$s time scales, the conventional Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) threshold, often fixed at $5σ$, becomes inadequate as observational window timescales shorten, leading to unsustainably high False Alarm Rates (FAR). We provide a basic statistical framework that captures the essential noise generation processes relevant to the analysis of time series data from photon-counting detectors. In particular, we establish a protocol of defining detection limits in astronomical photon-counting experiments, such that a FAR-based criterion is preferred over the traditional SNR-based threshold scheme. We developed statistical models that account for noise sources such as dark counts, sky background, and crosstalk, and establish a probabilistic detection criterion applicable to high-speed detectors. The model is testified against the on-site data obtained in the Single-Photon Imager for Nanosecond Astrophysics (SPINA) experiment and consistency is confirmed. We compare the performance of several detector technologies, including photon-counting CMOS/CCDs, SPADs, SiPMs, and PMTs, in detecting faint astronomical signals. These findings offer insights into optimizing detector choice for future ultra-fast astronomical instruments and suggest pathways for improving detection fidelity under rapid observational conditions.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_15536
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
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spellingShingle False Alarm Rate based Statistical Detection Limit for Astronomical Photon Detectors
Lau, Albert Wai Kit
Fung, Leo W. H.
Smoot, George F.
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
In ultra-fast astronomical observations featuring fast transients on sub-$μ$s time scales, the conventional Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) threshold, often fixed at $5σ$, becomes inadequate as observational window timescales shorten, leading to unsustainably high False Alarm Rates (FAR). We provide a basic statistical framework that captures the essential noise generation processes relevant to the analysis of time series data from photon-counting detectors. In particular, we establish a protocol of defining detection limits in astronomical photon-counting experiments, such that a FAR-based criterion is preferred over the traditional SNR-based threshold scheme. We developed statistical models that account for noise sources such as dark counts, sky background, and crosstalk, and establish a probabilistic detection criterion applicable to high-speed detectors. The model is testified against the on-site data obtained in the Single-Photon Imager for Nanosecond Astrophysics (SPINA) experiment and consistency is confirmed. We compare the performance of several detector technologies, including photon-counting CMOS/CCDs, SPADs, SiPMs, and PMTs, in detecting faint astronomical signals. These findings offer insights into optimizing detector choice for future ultra-fast astronomical instruments and suggest pathways for improving detection fidelity under rapid observational conditions.
title False Alarm Rate based Statistical Detection Limit for Astronomical Photon Detectors
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.15536