TRINITY VI: Connection between Galaxy Star Formation Rates and Supermassive Black Hole Accretion Rates from z=0-10
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| author | Zhang, Haowen Behroozi, Peter Volonteri, Marta Silk, Joseph Fan, Xiaohui Aird, James Yang, Jinyi Wang, Feige Hopkins, Philip F. |
| author_facet | Zhang, Haowen Behroozi, Peter Volonteri, Marta Silk, Joseph Fan, Xiaohui Aird, James Yang, Jinyi Wang, Feige Hopkins, Philip F. |
| contents | We infer supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion rates and Eddington ratios as a function of SMBH/host galaxy mass and redshift with the empirical TRINITY model of dark matter halo--galaxy--SMBH connection. The galaxy--SMBH mass and growth rate connection from TRINITY matches galaxy observables from $0<z<13$ and SMBH observables from $0<z<6.5$. Key findings include: 1) the ratio between cosmic SMBH accretion rate and galaxy star formation rate stays constant at $\sim 2\times 10^{-3}$ from $z=0-4$, and decreases by 2 orders of magnitude from $z=4-10$; 2) the average SMBH Eddington ratio $\overlineη$ increases towards higher redshifts, nearly reaching $\overlineη=1$ at $z\sim 10$; 3) at fixed redshift for $z<3$, SMBHs/galaxies with higher masses have lower $\overlineη$, consistent with AGN downsizing; 4) the average ratio of specific SMBH accretion rate ($\overline{\mathrm{SBHAR}}$) to average specific star formation rate ($\overline{\mathrm{SSFR}}$) is nearly mass-independent, with a value $\overline{\mathrm{SBHAR}}/\overline{\mathrm{SSFR}}\sim 1$, which decreases slightly from $z=10$ to $z=0$; 5) similar to galaxies, SMBHs reach their peak efficiency to convert baryons into mass when host halos reach $10^{12} M_\odot$; 6) given galaxy and SMBH growth histories from TRINITY, the local descendants of $1<z<11$ overmassive JWST AGNs will remain outliers from the local SMBH mass--galaxy mass relation. These findings combine to give a simple explanation for massive ($10^9-10^{10}M_\odot$) quasars at $z>6$: at these redshifts, dark matter halos grow with an $e$-folding time of $\sim 45$ Myrs, driving similar growth rates in both galaxies and SMBHs. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_16347 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | TRINITY VI: Connection between Galaxy Star Formation Rates and Supermassive Black Hole Accretion Rates from z=0-10 Zhang, Haowen Behroozi, Peter Volonteri, Marta Silk, Joseph Fan, Xiaohui Aird, James Yang, Jinyi Wang, Feige Hopkins, Philip F. Astrophysics of Galaxies We infer supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion rates and Eddington ratios as a function of SMBH/host galaxy mass and redshift with the empirical TRINITY model of dark matter halo--galaxy--SMBH connection. The galaxy--SMBH mass and growth rate connection from TRINITY matches galaxy observables from $0<z<13$ and SMBH observables from $0<z<6.5$. Key findings include: 1) the ratio between cosmic SMBH accretion rate and galaxy star formation rate stays constant at $\sim 2\times 10^{-3}$ from $z=0-4$, and decreases by 2 orders of magnitude from $z=4-10$; 2) the average SMBH Eddington ratio $\overlineη$ increases towards higher redshifts, nearly reaching $\overlineη=1$ at $z\sim 10$; 3) at fixed redshift for $z<3$, SMBHs/galaxies with higher masses have lower $\overlineη$, consistent with AGN downsizing; 4) the average ratio of specific SMBH accretion rate ($\overline{\mathrm{SBHAR}}$) to average specific star formation rate ($\overline{\mathrm{SSFR}}$) is nearly mass-independent, with a value $\overline{\mathrm{SBHAR}}/\overline{\mathrm{SSFR}}\sim 1$, which decreases slightly from $z=10$ to $z=0$; 5) similar to galaxies, SMBHs reach their peak efficiency to convert baryons into mass when host halos reach $10^{12} M_\odot$; 6) given galaxy and SMBH growth histories from TRINITY, the local descendants of $1<z<11$ overmassive JWST AGNs will remain outliers from the local SMBH mass--galaxy mass relation. These findings combine to give a simple explanation for massive ($10^9-10^{10}M_\odot$) quasars at $z>6$: at these redshifts, dark matter halos grow with an $e$-folding time of $\sim 45$ Myrs, driving similar growth rates in both galaxies and SMBHs. |
| title | TRINITY VI: Connection between Galaxy Star Formation Rates and Supermassive Black Hole Accretion Rates from z=0-10 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16347 |