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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16374 |
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| _version_ | 1866909603249258496 |
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| author | Greklek-McKeon, Michael Vissapragada, Shreyas Knutson, Heather A. Fukui, Akihiko Saidel, Morgan Barrientos, Jonathan Gomez Levine, W. Garrett Behmard, Aida Batygin, Konstantin Chachan, Yayaati Vasisht, Gautam Hu, Renyu Cloutier, Ryan Latham, David López-Morales, Mercedes Vanderburg, Andrew Heffner, Carolyn Nied, Paul Milburn, Jennifer Wilson, Isaac Roderick, Diana Koviak, Kathleen Barlow, Tom Stone, John F. Kiman, Rocio Korth, Judith de Leon, Jerome P. Fukuda, Izuru Hayashi, Yuya Ikoma, Masahiro Ikuta, Kai Isogai, Keisuke Kawai, Yugo Kawauchi, Kiyoe Kusakabe, Nobuhiko Livingston, John H. Mori, Mayuko Narita, Norio Tamura, Motohide Watanabe, Noriharu Fernández-Rodríguez, Gareb |
| author_facet | Greklek-McKeon, Michael Vissapragada, Shreyas Knutson, Heather A. Fukui, Akihiko Saidel, Morgan Barrientos, Jonathan Gomez Levine, W. Garrett Behmard, Aida Batygin, Konstantin Chachan, Yayaati Vasisht, Gautam Hu, Renyu Cloutier, Ryan Latham, David López-Morales, Mercedes Vanderburg, Andrew Heffner, Carolyn Nied, Paul Milburn, Jennifer Wilson, Isaac Roderick, Diana Koviak, Kathleen Barlow, Tom Stone, John F. Kiman, Rocio Korth, Judith de Leon, Jerome P. Fukuda, Izuru Hayashi, Yuya Ikoma, Masahiro Ikuta, Kai Isogai, Keisuke Kawai, Yugo Kawauchi, Kiyoe Kusakabe, Nobuhiko Livingston, John H. Mori, Mayuko Narita, Norio Tamura, Motohide Watanabe, Noriharu Fernández-Rodríguez, Gareb |
| contents | TOI-1266 is a benchmark system of two temperate ($<$ 450 K) sub-Neptune-sized planets orbiting a nearby M dwarf exhibiting a rare inverted architecture with a larger interior planet. In this study, we characterize transit timing variations (TTVs) in the TOI-1266 system using high-precision ground-based follow-up and new TESS data. We confirm the presence of a third exterior non-transiting planet, TOI-1266 d (P = 32.5 d, $M_d$ = 3.68$^{+1.05}_{-1.11} M_{\oplus}$), and combine the TTVs with archival radial velocity (RV) measurements to improve our knowledge of the planetary masses and radii. We find that, consistent with previous studies, TOI-1266 b ($R_b$ = 2.52 $\pm$ 0.08 $R_{\oplus}$, $M_b$ = 4.46 $\pm$ 0.69 $M_{\oplus}$) has a low bulk density requiring the presence of a hydrogen-rich envelope, while TOI-1266 c ($R_c$ = 1.98 $\pm$ 0.10 $R_{\oplus}$, $M_c$ = 3.17 $\pm$ 0.76 $M_{\oplus}$) has a higher bulk density that can be matched by either a hydrogen-rich or water-rich envelope. Our new dynamical model reveals that this system is arranged in a rare configuration with the inner and outer planets located near the 3:1 period ratio with a non-resonant planet in between them. Our dynamical fits indicate that the inner and outer planet have significantly nonzero eccentricities ($e_b + e_d = 0.076^{+0.029}_{-0.019}$), suggesting that TOI-1266 b may have an inflated envelope due to tidal heating. Finally, we explore the corresponding implications for the formation and long-term evolution of the system, which contains two of the most favorable cool ($<$ 500 K) sub-Neptunes for atmospheric characterization with JWST. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_16374 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Tidally Heated Sub-Neptunes, Refined Planetary Compositions, and Confirmation of a Third Planet in the TOI-1266 System Greklek-McKeon, Michael Vissapragada, Shreyas Knutson, Heather A. Fukui, Akihiko Saidel, Morgan Barrientos, Jonathan Gomez Levine, W. Garrett Behmard, Aida Batygin, Konstantin Chachan, Yayaati Vasisht, Gautam Hu, Renyu Cloutier, Ryan Latham, David López-Morales, Mercedes Vanderburg, Andrew Heffner, Carolyn Nied, Paul Milburn, Jennifer Wilson, Isaac Roderick, Diana Koviak, Kathleen Barlow, Tom Stone, John F. Kiman, Rocio Korth, Judith de Leon, Jerome P. Fukuda, Izuru Hayashi, Yuya Ikoma, Masahiro Ikuta, Kai Isogai, Keisuke Kawai, Yugo Kawauchi, Kiyoe Kusakabe, Nobuhiko Livingston, John H. Mori, Mayuko Narita, Norio Tamura, Motohide Watanabe, Noriharu Fernández-Rodríguez, Gareb Earth and Planetary Astrophysics TOI-1266 is a benchmark system of two temperate ($<$ 450 K) sub-Neptune-sized planets orbiting a nearby M dwarf exhibiting a rare inverted architecture with a larger interior planet. In this study, we characterize transit timing variations (TTVs) in the TOI-1266 system using high-precision ground-based follow-up and new TESS data. We confirm the presence of a third exterior non-transiting planet, TOI-1266 d (P = 32.5 d, $M_d$ = 3.68$^{+1.05}_{-1.11} M_{\oplus}$), and combine the TTVs with archival radial velocity (RV) measurements to improve our knowledge of the planetary masses and radii. We find that, consistent with previous studies, TOI-1266 b ($R_b$ = 2.52 $\pm$ 0.08 $R_{\oplus}$, $M_b$ = 4.46 $\pm$ 0.69 $M_{\oplus}$) has a low bulk density requiring the presence of a hydrogen-rich envelope, while TOI-1266 c ($R_c$ = 1.98 $\pm$ 0.10 $R_{\oplus}$, $M_c$ = 3.17 $\pm$ 0.76 $M_{\oplus}$) has a higher bulk density that can be matched by either a hydrogen-rich or water-rich envelope. Our new dynamical model reveals that this system is arranged in a rare configuration with the inner and outer planets located near the 3:1 period ratio with a non-resonant planet in between them. Our dynamical fits indicate that the inner and outer planet have significantly nonzero eccentricities ($e_b + e_d = 0.076^{+0.029}_{-0.019}$), suggesting that TOI-1266 b may have an inflated envelope due to tidal heating. Finally, we explore the corresponding implications for the formation and long-term evolution of the system, which contains two of the most favorable cool ($<$ 500 K) sub-Neptunes for atmospheric characterization with JWST. |
| title | Tidally Heated Sub-Neptunes, Refined Planetary Compositions, and Confirmation of a Third Planet in the TOI-1266 System |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16374 |