Copertina

Visualizing Dynamics of Charges and Strings in (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theories

Fuente: arXiv

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Dettagli Bibliografici
Autori principali:	Cochran, Tyler A., Jobst, Bernhard, Rosenberg, Eliott, Lensky, Yuri D., Gyawali, Gaurav, Eassa, Norhan, Will, Melissa, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Demura, Sean, De Lorenzo, Laura, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hilton, Jeremy, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Lau, Kim-Ming, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Guevel, Loïck Le, Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Miao, Kevin C., Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobris, Nicholas, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Lucero, Erik, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Gammon-Smith, Adam, Pollmann, Frank, Knap, Michael, Roushan, Pedram
Natura:	Preprint
Pubblicazione:	2024
Soggetti:	Quantum Physics Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Lattice
Accesso online:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866915365715443712
author	Cochran, Tyler A. Jobst, Bernhard Rosenberg, Eliott Lensky, Yuri D. Gyawali, Gaurav Eassa, Norhan Will, Melissa Abanin, Dmitry Acharya, Rajeev Beni, Laleh Aghababaie Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Demura, Sean De Lorenzo, Laura Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hilton, Jeremy Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Lau, Kim-Ming Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Guevel, Loïck Le Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Maloney, Ashley Mandrà, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Miao, Kevin C. Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Movassagh, Ramis Neill, Charles Newman, Michael Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Niu, Murphy Yuezhen Oliver, William D. Ottosson, Kristoffer Pizzuto, Alex Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schurkus, Henry F. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Sivak, Volodymyr Small, Spencer Smith, W. Clarke Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobris, Nicholas Boixo, Sergio Kelly, Julian Lucero, Erik Chen, Yu Smelyanskiy, Vadim Neven, Hartmut Gammon-Smith, Adam Pollmann, Frank Knap, Michael Roushan, Pedram
author_facet	Cochran, Tyler A. Jobst, Bernhard Rosenberg, Eliott Lensky, Yuri D. Gyawali, Gaurav Eassa, Norhan Will, Melissa Abanin, Dmitry Acharya, Rajeev Beni, Laleh Aghababaie Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Demura, Sean De Lorenzo, Laura Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hilton, Jeremy Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Lau, Kim-Ming Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Guevel, Loïck Le Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Maloney, Ashley Mandrà, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Miao, Kevin C. Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Movassagh, Ramis Neill, Charles Newman, Michael Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Niu, Murphy Yuezhen Oliver, William D. Ottosson, Kristoffer Pizzuto, Alex Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schurkus, Henry F. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Sivak, Volodymyr Small, Spencer Smith, W. Clarke Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobris, Nicholas Boixo, Sergio Kelly, Julian Lucero, Erik Chen, Yu Smelyanskiy, Vadim Neven, Hartmut Gammon-Smith, Adam Pollmann, Frank Knap, Michael Roushan, Pedram
contents	Lattice gauge theories (LGTs) can be employed to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials. Studying dynamical properties of emergent phases can be challenging as it requires solving many-body problems that are generally beyond perturbative limits. Here, we investigate the dynamics of local excitations in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT using a two-dimensional lattice of superconducting qubits. We first construct a simple variational circuit which prepares low-energy states that have a large overlap with the ground state; then we create charge excitations with local gates and simulate their quantum dynamics via a discretized time evolution. As the electric field coupling constant is increased, our measurements show signatures of transitioning from deconfined to confined dynamics. For confined excitations, the electric field induces a tension in the string connecting them. Our method allows us to experimentally image string dynamics in a (2+1)D LGT from which we uncover two distinct regimes inside the confining phase: for weak confinement the string fluctuates strongly in the transverse direction, while for strong confinement transverse fluctuations are effectively frozen. In addition, we demonstrate a resonance condition at which dynamical string breaking is facilitated. Our LGT implementation on a quantum processor presents a novel set of techniques for investigating emergent excitations and string dynamics.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_17142
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Visualizing Dynamics of Charges and Strings in (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theories Cochran, Tyler A. Jobst, Bernhard Rosenberg, Eliott Lensky, Yuri D. Gyawali, Gaurav Eassa, Norhan Will, Melissa Abanin, Dmitry Acharya, Rajeev Beni, Laleh Aghababaie Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Demura, Sean De Lorenzo, Laura Di Paolo, Agustin Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hilton, Jeremy Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Kobrin, Bryce Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Landhuis, David Lange-Dei, Tiano Langley, Brandon W. Lau, Kim-Ming Ledford, Justin Lee, Kenny Lester, Brian J. Guevel, Loïck Le Li, Wing Yan Lill, Alexander T. Livingston, William P. Locharla, Aditya Lundahl, Daniel Lunt, Aaron Madhuk, Sid Maloney, Ashley Mandrà, Salvatore Martin, Leigh S. Martin, Orion Maxfield, Cameron McClean, Jarrod R. McEwen, Matt Meeks, Seneca Megrant, Anthony Miao, Kevin C. Molavi, Reza Molina, Sebastian Montazeri, Shirin Movassagh, Ramis Neill, Charles Newman, Michael Nguyen, Anthony Nguyen, Murray Ni, Chia-Hung Niu, Murphy Yuezhen Oliver, William D. Ottosson, Kristoffer Pizzuto, Alex Potter, Rebecca Pritchard, Orion Quintana, Chris Ramachandran, Ganesh Reagor, Matthew J. Rhodes, David M. Roberts, Gabrielle Sankaragomathi, Kannan Satzinger, Kevin J. Schurkus, Henry F. Shearn, Michael J. Shorter, Aaron Shutty, Noah Shvarts, Vladimir Sivak, Volodymyr Small, Spencer Smith, W. Clarke Springer, Sofia Sterling, George Suchard, Jordan Szasz, Aaron Sztein, Alex Thor, Douglas Torunbalci, M. Mert Vaishnav, Abeer Vargas, Justin Vdovichev, Sergey Vidal, Guifre Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff Waltman, Steven Wang, Shannon X. Ware, Brayden White, Theodore Wong, Kristi Woo, Bryan W. K. Xing, Cheng Yao, Z. Jamie Yeh, Ping Ying, Bicheng Yoo, Juhwan Yosri, Noureldin Young, Grayson Zalcman, Adam Zhang, Yaxing Zhu, Ningfeng Zobris, Nicholas Boixo, Sergio Kelly, Julian Lucero, Erik Chen, Yu Smelyanskiy, Vadim Neven, Hartmut Gammon-Smith, Adam Pollmann, Frank Knap, Michael Roushan, Pedram Quantum Physics Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Lattice Lattice gauge theories (LGTs) can be employed to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials. Studying dynamical properties of emergent phases can be challenging as it requires solving many-body problems that are generally beyond perturbative limits. Here, we investigate the dynamics of local excitations in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT using a two-dimensional lattice of superconducting qubits. We first construct a simple variational circuit which prepares low-energy states that have a large overlap with the ground state; then we create charge excitations with local gates and simulate their quantum dynamics via a discretized time evolution. As the electric field coupling constant is increased, our measurements show signatures of transitioning from deconfined to confined dynamics. For confined excitations, the electric field induces a tension in the string connecting them. Our method allows us to experimentally image string dynamics in a (2+1)D LGT from which we uncover two distinct regimes inside the confining phase: for weak confinement the string fluctuates strongly in the transverse direction, while for strong confinement transverse fluctuations are effectively frozen. In addition, we demonstrate a resonance condition at which dynamical string breaking is facilitated. Our LGT implementation on a quantum processor presents a novel set of techniques for investigating emergent excitations and string dynamics.
title	Visualizing Dynamics of Charges and Strings in (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theories
topic	Quantum Physics Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Lattice
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17142