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Eruptive mass loss less than a year before the explosion of superluminous supernovae: I. The cases of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc

Fuente: arXiv

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Auteurs principaux:	Gkini, A., Fransson, C., Lunnan, R., Schulze, S., Poidevin, F., Sarin, N., Könyves-Tóth, R., Sollerman, J., Omand, C. M. B., Brennan, S. J., Hinds, K. R., Anderson, J. P., Bronikowski, M., Chen, T. -W., Dekany, R., Fraser, M., Fremling, C., Galbany, L., Gal-Yam, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Geier, S., Gonzalez, E. P., Gromadzki, M., Groom, S. L., Gutiérrez, C. P., Hiramatsu, D., Howell, D. A., Hu, Y., Inserra, C., Kopsacheili, M., Lacroix, L., Masci, F. J., Matilainen, K., McCully, C., Moore, T., Müller-Bravo, T. E., Nicholl, M., Pellegrino, C., Pérez-Fournon, I., Perley, D. A., Pessi, P. J., Petrushevska, T., Pignata, G., Ragosta, F., Sahu, A., Singh, A., Srivastav, S., Wise, J. L., Yan, L., Young, D. R.
Format:	Preprint
Publié:	2024
Sujets:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Accès en ligne:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866929730888925184
author	Gkini, A. Fransson, C. Lunnan, R. Schulze, S. Poidevin, F. Sarin, N. Könyves-Tóth, R. Sollerman, J. Omand, C. M. B. Brennan, S. J. Hinds, K. R. Anderson, J. P. Bronikowski, M. Chen, T. -W. Dekany, R. Fraser, M. Fremling, C. Galbany, L. Gal-Yam, A. Gangopadhyay, A. Geier, S. Gonzalez, E. P. Gromadzki, M. Groom, S. L. Gutiérrez, C. P. Hiramatsu, D. Howell, D. A. Hu, Y. Inserra, C. Kopsacheili, M. Lacroix, L. Masci, F. J. Matilainen, K. McCully, C. Moore, T. Müller-Bravo, T. E. Nicholl, M. Pellegrino, C. Pérez-Fournon, I. Perley, D. A. Pessi, P. J. Petrushevska, T. Pignata, G. Ragosta, F. Sahu, A. Singh, A. Srivastav, S. Wise, J. L. Yan, L. Young, D. R.
author_facet	Gkini, A. Fransson, C. Lunnan, R. Schulze, S. Poidevin, F. Sarin, N. Könyves-Tóth, R. Sollerman, J. Omand, C. M. B. Brennan, S. J. Hinds, K. R. Anderson, J. P. Bronikowski, M. Chen, T. -W. Dekany, R. Fraser, M. Fremling, C. Galbany, L. Gal-Yam, A. Gangopadhyay, A. Geier, S. Gonzalez, E. P. Gromadzki, M. Groom, S. L. Gutiérrez, C. P. Hiramatsu, D. Howell, D. A. Hu, Y. Inserra, C. Kopsacheili, M. Lacroix, L. Masci, F. J. Matilainen, K. McCully, C. Moore, T. Müller-Bravo, T. E. Nicholl, M. Pellegrino, C. Pérez-Fournon, I. Perley, D. A. Pessi, P. J. Petrushevska, T. Pignata, G. Ragosta, F. Sahu, A. Singh, A. Srivastav, S. Wise, J. L. Yan, L. Young, D. R.
contents	We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc, two hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) at $z = 0.4296$ and $z = 0.3103$, respectively, which show an additional set of broad Mg II absorption lines, blueshifted by a few thousands kilometer second$^{-1}$ with respect to the host galaxy absorption system. Previous work interpreted this as due to resonance line scattering of the SLSN continuum by rapidly expanding circumstellar material (CSM) expelled shortly before the explosion. The peak rest-frame $g$-band magnitude of SN 2020xga is $-22.30 \pm 0.04$ mag and of SN 2022xgc is $-21.97 \pm 0.05$ mag, placing them among the brightest SLSNe-I. We used high-quality spectra from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths to model the Mg II line profiles and infer the properties of the CSM shells. We find that the CSM shell of SN 2020xga resides at $\sim 1.3 \times 10^{16}~\rm cm$, moving with a maximum velocity of $4275~\rm km~s^{-1}$, and the shell of SN 2022xgc is located at $\sim 0.8 \times 10^{16}~\rm cm$, reaching up to $4400~\rm km~s^{-1}$. These shells were expelled $\sim 11$ and $\sim 5$ months before the explosions of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc, respectively, possibly as a result of luminous-blue-variable-like eruptions or pulsational pair instability (PPI) mass loss. We also analyzed optical photometric data and modeled the light curves, considering powering from the magnetar spin-down mechanism. The results support very energetic magnetars, approaching the mass-shedding limit, powering these SNe with ejecta masses of $\sim 7-9~\rm M_\odot$. The ejecta masses inferred from the magnetar modeling are not consistent with the PPI scenario pointing toward stars $> 50~\rm M_\odot$ He-core; hence, alternative scenarios such as fallback accretion and CSM interaction are discussed.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_17296
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Eruptive mass loss less than a year before the explosion of superluminous supernovae: I. The cases of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc Gkini, A. Fransson, C. Lunnan, R. Schulze, S. Poidevin, F. Sarin, N. Könyves-Tóth, R. Sollerman, J. Omand, C. M. B. Brennan, S. J. Hinds, K. R. Anderson, J. P. Bronikowski, M. Chen, T. -W. Dekany, R. Fraser, M. Fremling, C. Galbany, L. Gal-Yam, A. Gangopadhyay, A. Geier, S. Gonzalez, E. P. Gromadzki, M. Groom, S. L. Gutiérrez, C. P. Hiramatsu, D. Howell, D. A. Hu, Y. Inserra, C. Kopsacheili, M. Lacroix, L. Masci, F. J. Matilainen, K. McCully, C. Moore, T. Müller-Bravo, T. E. Nicholl, M. Pellegrino, C. Pérez-Fournon, I. Perley, D. A. Pessi, P. J. Petrushevska, T. Pignata, G. Ragosta, F. Sahu, A. Singh, A. Srivastav, S. Wise, J. L. Yan, L. Young, D. R. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc, two hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) at $z = 0.4296$ and $z = 0.3103$, respectively, which show an additional set of broad Mg II absorption lines, blueshifted by a few thousands kilometer second$^{-1}$ with respect to the host galaxy absorption system. Previous work interpreted this as due to resonance line scattering of the SLSN continuum by rapidly expanding circumstellar material (CSM) expelled shortly before the explosion. The peak rest-frame $g$-band magnitude of SN 2020xga is $-22.30 \pm 0.04$ mag and of SN 2022xgc is $-21.97 \pm 0.05$ mag, placing them among the brightest SLSNe-I. We used high-quality spectra from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths to model the Mg II line profiles and infer the properties of the CSM shells. We find that the CSM shell of SN 2020xga resides at $\sim 1.3 \times 10^{16}~\rm cm$, moving with a maximum velocity of $4275~\rm km~s^{-1}$, and the shell of SN 2022xgc is located at $\sim 0.8 \times 10^{16}~\rm cm$, reaching up to $4400~\rm km~s^{-1}$. These shells were expelled $\sim 11$ and $\sim 5$ months before the explosions of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc, respectively, possibly as a result of luminous-blue-variable-like eruptions or pulsational pair instability (PPI) mass loss. We also analyzed optical photometric data and modeled the light curves, considering powering from the magnetar spin-down mechanism. The results support very energetic magnetars, approaching the mass-shedding limit, powering these SNe with ejecta masses of $\sim 7-9~\rm M_\odot$. The ejecta masses inferred from the magnetar modeling are not consistent with the PPI scenario pointing toward stars $> 50~\rm M_\odot$ He-core; hence, alternative scenarios such as fallback accretion and CSM interaction are discussed.
title	Eruptive mass loss less than a year before the explosion of superluminous supernovae: I. The cases of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17296