Magic state cultivation: growing T states as cheap as CNOT gates
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866909327074263040 |
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| author | Gidney, Craig Shutty, Noah Jones, Cody |
| author_facet | Gidney, Craig Shutty, Noah Jones, Cody |
| contents | We refine ideas from Knill 1996, Jones 2016, Chamberland 2020, Gidney 2023+2024, Bombin 2024, and Hirano 2024 to efficiently prepare good $|T\rangle$ states. We call our construction "magic state cultivation" because it gradually grows the size and reliability of one state. Cultivation fits inside a surface code patch and uses roughly the same number of physical gates as a lattice surgery CNOT gate of equivalent reliability. We estimate the infidelity of cultivation (from injection to idling at distance 15) using a mix of state vector simulation, stabilizer simulation, error enumeration, and Monte Carlo sampling. Compared to prior work, cultivation uses an order of magnitude fewer qubit-rounds to reach logical error rates as low as $2 \cdot 10^{-9}$ when subjected to $10^{-3}$ uniform depolarizing circuit noise. Halving the circuit noise to $5 \cdot 10^{-4}$ improves the achievable logical error rate to $4 \cdot 10^{-11}$. Cultivation's efficiency and strong response to improvements in physical noise suggest that further magic state distillation may never be needed in practice. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2409_17595 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Magic state cultivation: growing T states as cheap as CNOT gates Gidney, Craig Shutty, Noah Jones, Cody Quantum Physics We refine ideas from Knill 1996, Jones 2016, Chamberland 2020, Gidney 2023+2024, Bombin 2024, and Hirano 2024 to efficiently prepare good $|T\rangle$ states. We call our construction "magic state cultivation" because it gradually grows the size and reliability of one state. Cultivation fits inside a surface code patch and uses roughly the same number of physical gates as a lattice surgery CNOT gate of equivalent reliability. We estimate the infidelity of cultivation (from injection to idling at distance 15) using a mix of state vector simulation, stabilizer simulation, error enumeration, and Monte Carlo sampling. Compared to prior work, cultivation uses an order of magnitude fewer qubit-rounds to reach logical error rates as low as $2 \cdot 10^{-9}$ when subjected to $10^{-3}$ uniform depolarizing circuit noise. Halving the circuit noise to $5 \cdot 10^{-4}$ improves the achievable logical error rate to $4 \cdot 10^{-11}$. Cultivation's efficiency and strong response to improvements in physical noise suggest that further magic state distillation may never be needed in practice. |
| title | Magic state cultivation: growing T states as cheap as CNOT gates |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17595 |