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A fast X-ray transient from a weak relativistic jet associated with a type Ic-BL supernova

Fuente: arXiv

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Main Authors:	Sun, H., Li, W. -X., Liu, L. -D., Gao, H., Wang, X. -F., Yuan, W., Zhang, B., Filippenko, A. V., Xu, D., An, T., Ai, S., Brink, T. G., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. -Q., Wang, C. -Y., Wu, Q. -Y., Wu, X. -F., Yang, Y., Zhang, B. -B., Zheng, W. -K., Ahumada, T., Dai, Z. -G., Delaunay, J., Elias-Rosa, N., Benetti, S., Fu, S. -Y., Howell, D. A., Huang, Y. -F., Kasliwal, M. M., Karambelkar, V., Stein, R., Lei, W. -H., Lian, T. -Y., Peng, Z. -K., Frederiks, D. D., Ridnaia, A. V., Svinkin, D. S., Wang, X. -Y., Wang, A. -L., Wei, D. -M., An, J., Andrews, M., Bai, J. -M, Dai, C. -Y., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Fan, Z., Farah, J., Feng, H. -C., Fynbo, J. P. U., Guo, W. -J., Guo, Z., Hu, M. -K., Hu, J. -W., Jiang, S. -Q., Jin, J. -J., Li, A., Li, J. -D., Li, R. -Z., Liang, Y. -F., Ling, Z. -X., Liu, X., Mao, J. -R., McCully, C., Mirzaqulov, D., Newsome, M., Gonzalez, E. Padilla, Pan, X., Terreran, G., Tinyanont, S., Wang, B. -T., Wang, L. -Z., Wen, X. -D., Xiang, D. -F., Xue, S. -J., Yang, J., Zhu, Z. -P., Cai, Z. -M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chen, F. -S., Chen, H. -L., Chen, T. -X., Chen, W., Chen, Y. -H., Chen, Y. -F., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -Q., Cordier, B., Cui, C. -Z., Cui, W. -W., Dai, Y. -F., Fan, D. -W., Feng, H., Guan, J., Han, D. -W., Hou, D. -J., Hu, H. -B., Huang, M. -H., Huo, J., Jia, S. -M., Jia, Z. -Q., Jiang, B. -W., Jin, C. -C., Jin, G., Kuulkers, E., Li, C. -K., Li, D. -Y., Li, J. -F., Li, L. -H., Li, M. -S., Li, W., Li, Z. -D., Liu, C. -Z, Liu, H. -Y., Liu, H. -Q., Liu, M. -J., Lu, F. -J., Luo, L. -D., Ma, J., Mao, X., Nandra, K., O'Brien, P., Pan, H. -W., Rau, A., Rea, N., Sanders, J., Song, L. -M., Sun, S. -L., Sun, X. -J., Tan, Y. -Y., Tang, Q. -J., Tao, Y. -H., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, W. -X., Wang, Y. -L., Wang, Y. -S., Xiong, D. -R., Xu, H. -T., Xu, J. -J., Xu, X. -P., Xu, Y. -F., Xu, Z., Xue, C. -B., Xue, Y. -L., Yan, A. -L., Yang, H. -N., Yang, X. -T., Yang, Y. -J., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, S. -N., Zhang, W. -D., Zhang, W. -J., Zhang, Y. -H., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z. -L., Zhao, D. -H., Zhao, H. -S., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Z. -J., Zhou, Y. -L., Zhu, Y. -X., Zhu, Z. -C., Zou, H.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2024
Subjects:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866915387212300288
author	Sun, H. Li, W. -X. Liu, L. -D. Gao, H. Wang, X. -F. Yuan, W. Zhang, B. Filippenko, A. V. Xu, D. An, T. Ai, S. Brink, T. G. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. -Q. Wang, C. -Y. Wu, Q. -Y. Wu, X. -F. Yang, Y. Zhang, B. -B. Zheng, W. -K. Ahumada, T. Dai, Z. -G. Delaunay, J. Elias-Rosa, N. Benetti, S. Fu, S. -Y. Howell, D. A. Huang, Y. -F. Kasliwal, M. M. Karambelkar, V. Stein, R. Lei, W. -H. Lian, T. -Y. Peng, Z. -K. Frederiks, D. D. Ridnaia, A. V. Svinkin, D. S. Wang, X. -Y. Wang, A. -L. Wei, D. -M. An, J. Andrews, M. Bai, J. -M Dai, C. -Y. Ehgamberdiev, S. A. Fan, Z. Farah, J. Feng, H. -C. Fynbo, J. P. U. Guo, W. -J. Guo, Z. Hu, M. -K. Hu, J. -W. Jiang, S. -Q. Jin, J. -J. Li, A. Li, J. -D. Li, R. -Z. Liang, Y. -F. Ling, Z. -X. Liu, X. Mao, J. -R. McCully, C. Mirzaqulov, D. Newsome, M. Gonzalez, E. Padilla Pan, X. Terreran, G. Tinyanont, S. Wang, B. -T. Wang, L. -Z. Wen, X. -D. Xiang, D. -F. Xue, S. -J. Yang, J. Zhu, Z. -P. Cai, Z. -M. Castro-Tirado, A. J. Chen, F. -S. Chen, H. -L. Chen, T. -X. Chen, W. Chen, Y. -H. Chen, Y. -F. Chen, Y. Cheng, H. -Q. Cordier, B. Cui, C. -Z. Cui, W. -W. Dai, Y. -F. Fan, D. -W. Feng, H. Guan, J. Han, D. -W. Hou, D. -J. Hu, H. -B. Huang, M. -H. Huo, J. Jia, S. -M. Jia, Z. -Q. Jiang, B. -W. Jin, C. -C. Jin, G. Kuulkers, E. Li, C. -K. Li, D. -Y. Li, J. -F. Li, L. -H. Li, M. -S. Li, W. Li, Z. -D. Liu, C. -Z Liu, H. -Y. Liu, H. -Q. Liu, M. -J. Lu, F. -J. Luo, L. -D. Ma, J. Mao, X. Nandra, K. O'Brien, P. Pan, H. -W. Rau, A. Rea, N. Sanders, J. Song, L. -M. Sun, S. -L. Sun, X. -J. Tan, Y. -Y. Tang, Q. -J. Tao, Y. -H. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, W. -X. Wang, Y. -L. Wang, Y. -S. Xiong, D. -R. Xu, H. -T. Xu, J. -J. Xu, X. -P. Xu, Y. -F. Xu, Z. Xue, C. -B. Xue, Y. -L. Yan, A. -L. Yang, H. -N. Yang, X. -T. Yang, Y. -J. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, M. Zhang, S. -N. Zhang, W. -D. Zhang, W. -J. Zhang, Y. -H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. -L. Zhao, D. -H. Zhao, H. -S. Zhao, X. -F. Zhao, Z. -J. Zhou, Y. -L. Zhu, Y. -X. Zhu, Z. -C. Zou, H.
author_facet	Sun, H. Li, W. -X. Liu, L. -D. Gao, H. Wang, X. -F. Yuan, W. Zhang, B. Filippenko, A. V. Xu, D. An, T. Ai, S. Brink, T. G. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. -Q. Wang, C. -Y. Wu, Q. -Y. Wu, X. -F. Yang, Y. Zhang, B. -B. Zheng, W. -K. Ahumada, T. Dai, Z. -G. Delaunay, J. Elias-Rosa, N. Benetti, S. Fu, S. -Y. Howell, D. A. Huang, Y. -F. Kasliwal, M. M. Karambelkar, V. Stein, R. Lei, W. -H. Lian, T. -Y. Peng, Z. -K. Frederiks, D. D. Ridnaia, A. V. Svinkin, D. S. Wang, X. -Y. Wang, A. -L. Wei, D. -M. An, J. Andrews, M. Bai, J. -M Dai, C. -Y. Ehgamberdiev, S. A. Fan, Z. Farah, J. Feng, H. -C. Fynbo, J. P. U. Guo, W. -J. Guo, Z. Hu, M. -K. Hu, J. -W. Jiang, S. -Q. Jin, J. -J. Li, A. Li, J. -D. Li, R. -Z. Liang, Y. -F. Ling, Z. -X. Liu, X. Mao, J. -R. McCully, C. Mirzaqulov, D. Newsome, M. Gonzalez, E. Padilla Pan, X. Terreran, G. Tinyanont, S. Wang, B. -T. Wang, L. -Z. Wen, X. -D. Xiang, D. -F. Xue, S. -J. Yang, J. Zhu, Z. -P. Cai, Z. -M. Castro-Tirado, A. J. Chen, F. -S. Chen, H. -L. Chen, T. -X. Chen, W. Chen, Y. -H. Chen, Y. -F. Chen, Y. Cheng, H. -Q. Cordier, B. Cui, C. -Z. Cui, W. -W. Dai, Y. -F. Fan, D. -W. Feng, H. Guan, J. Han, D. -W. Hou, D. -J. Hu, H. -B. Huang, M. -H. Huo, J. Jia, S. -M. Jia, Z. -Q. Jiang, B. -W. Jin, C. -C. Jin, G. Kuulkers, E. Li, C. -K. Li, D. -Y. Li, J. -F. Li, L. -H. Li, M. -S. Li, W. Li, Z. -D. Liu, C. -Z Liu, H. -Y. Liu, H. -Q. Liu, M. -J. Lu, F. -J. Luo, L. -D. Ma, J. Mao, X. Nandra, K. O'Brien, P. Pan, H. -W. Rau, A. Rea, N. Sanders, J. Song, L. -M. Sun, S. -L. Sun, X. -J. Tan, Y. -Y. Tang, Q. -J. Tao, Y. -H. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, W. -X. Wang, Y. -L. Wang, Y. -S. Xiong, D. -R. Xu, H. -T. Xu, J. -J. Xu, X. -P. Xu, Y. -F. Xu, Z. Xue, C. -B. Xue, Y. -L. Yan, A. -L. Yang, H. -N. Yang, X. -T. Yang, Y. -J. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, M. Zhang, S. -N. Zhang, W. -D. Zhang, W. -J. Zhang, Y. -H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. -L. Zhao, D. -H. Zhao, H. -S. Zhao, X. -F. Zhao, Z. -J. Zhou, Y. -L. Zhu, Y. -X. Zhu, Z. -C. Zou, H.
contents	Massive stars end their lives as core-collapse supernovae, amongst which some extremes are broad-lined type Ic supernovae from Wolf-Rayet stars associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) having powerful relativistic jets. Their less-extreme brethren make unsuccessful jets that are choked inside the stars, appearing as X-ray flashes or low-luminosity GRBs. On the other hand, there exists a population of extragalactic fast X-ray transients (EFXTs) with timescales ranging from seconds to thousands of seconds, whose origins remain obscure. Here, we report the discovery of the bright X-ray transient EP240414a detected by the Einstein Probe (EP), which is associated with the type Ic supernova SN 2024gsa at a redshift of 0.401. The X-ray emission evolution is characterised by a very soft energy spectrum peaking at $< 1.3$ keV, which makes it different from known LGRBs, X-ray flashes, or low-luminosity GRBs. Follow-up observations at optical and radio bands revealed the existence of a weak relativistic jet that interacts with an extended shell surrounding the progenitor star. Located on the outskirts of a massive galaxy, this event reveals a new population of explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars characterised by a less powerful engine that drives a successful but weak jet, possibly owing to a progenitor star with a smaller core angular momentum than in traditional LGRB progenitors.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_02315
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2024
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	A fast X-ray transient from a weak relativistic jet associated with a type Ic-BL supernova Sun, H. Li, W. -X. Liu, L. -D. Gao, H. Wang, X. -F. Yuan, W. Zhang, B. Filippenko, A. V. Xu, D. An, T. Ai, S. Brink, T. G. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. -Q. Wang, C. -Y. Wu, Q. -Y. Wu, X. -F. Yang, Y. Zhang, B. -B. Zheng, W. -K. Ahumada, T. Dai, Z. -G. Delaunay, J. Elias-Rosa, N. Benetti, S. Fu, S. -Y. Howell, D. A. Huang, Y. -F. Kasliwal, M. M. Karambelkar, V. Stein, R. Lei, W. -H. Lian, T. -Y. Peng, Z. -K. Frederiks, D. D. Ridnaia, A. V. Svinkin, D. S. Wang, X. -Y. Wang, A. -L. Wei, D. -M. An, J. Andrews, M. Bai, J. -M Dai, C. -Y. Ehgamberdiev, S. A. Fan, Z. Farah, J. Feng, H. -C. Fynbo, J. P. U. Guo, W. -J. Guo, Z. Hu, M. -K. Hu, J. -W. Jiang, S. -Q. Jin, J. -J. Li, A. Li, J. -D. Li, R. -Z. Liang, Y. -F. Ling, Z. -X. Liu, X. Mao, J. -R. McCully, C. Mirzaqulov, D. Newsome, M. Gonzalez, E. Padilla Pan, X. Terreran, G. Tinyanont, S. Wang, B. -T. Wang, L. -Z. Wen, X. -D. Xiang, D. -F. Xue, S. -J. Yang, J. Zhu, Z. -P. Cai, Z. -M. Castro-Tirado, A. J. Chen, F. -S. Chen, H. -L. Chen, T. -X. Chen, W. Chen, Y. -H. Chen, Y. -F. Chen, Y. Cheng, H. -Q. Cordier, B. Cui, C. -Z. Cui, W. -W. Dai, Y. -F. Fan, D. -W. Feng, H. Guan, J. Han, D. -W. Hou, D. -J. Hu, H. -B. Huang, M. -H. Huo, J. Jia, S. -M. Jia, Z. -Q. Jiang, B. -W. Jin, C. -C. Jin, G. Kuulkers, E. Li, C. -K. Li, D. -Y. Li, J. -F. Li, L. -H. Li, M. -S. Li, W. Li, Z. -D. Liu, C. -Z Liu, H. -Y. Liu, H. -Q. Liu, M. -J. Lu, F. -J. Luo, L. -D. Ma, J. Mao, X. Nandra, K. O'Brien, P. Pan, H. -W. Rau, A. Rea, N. Sanders, J. Song, L. -M. Sun, S. -L. Sun, X. -J. Tan, Y. -Y. Tang, Q. -J. Tao, Y. -H. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, W. -X. Wang, Y. -L. Wang, Y. -S. Xiong, D. -R. Xu, H. -T. Xu, J. -J. Xu, X. -P. Xu, Y. -F. Xu, Z. Xue, C. -B. Xue, Y. -L. Yan, A. -L. Yang, H. -N. Yang, X. -T. Yang, Y. -J. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, M. Zhang, S. -N. Zhang, W. -D. Zhang, W. -J. Zhang, Y. -H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. -L. Zhao, D. -H. Zhao, H. -S. Zhao, X. -F. Zhao, Z. -J. Zhou, Y. -L. Zhu, Y. -X. Zhu, Z. -C. Zou, H. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Massive stars end their lives as core-collapse supernovae, amongst which some extremes are broad-lined type Ic supernovae from Wolf-Rayet stars associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) having powerful relativistic jets. Their less-extreme brethren make unsuccessful jets that are choked inside the stars, appearing as X-ray flashes or low-luminosity GRBs. On the other hand, there exists a population of extragalactic fast X-ray transients (EFXTs) with timescales ranging from seconds to thousands of seconds, whose origins remain obscure. Here, we report the discovery of the bright X-ray transient EP240414a detected by the Einstein Probe (EP), which is associated with the type Ic supernova SN 2024gsa at a redshift of 0.401. The X-ray emission evolution is characterised by a very soft energy spectrum peaking at $< 1.3$ keV, which makes it different from known LGRBs, X-ray flashes, or low-luminosity GRBs. Follow-up observations at optical and radio bands revealed the existence of a weak relativistic jet that interacts with an extended shell surrounding the progenitor star. Located on the outskirts of a massive galaxy, this event reveals a new population of explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars characterised by a less powerful engine that drives a successful but weak jet, possibly owing to a progenitor star with a smaller core angular momentum than in traditional LGRB progenitors.
title	A fast X-ray transient from a weak relativistic jet associated with a type Ic-BL supernova
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.02315