Immersed surfaces with knot group $\mathbb{Z}$
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2024
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| _version_ | 1866909338233208832 |
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| author | Conway, Anthony Miller, Allison N. |
| author_facet | Conway, Anthony Miller, Allison N. |
| contents | This article is concerned with locally flatly immersed surfaces in simply-connected $4$-manifolds where the complement of the surface has fundamental group $\mathbb{Z}$. Once the genus and number of double points are fixed, we classify such immersed surfaces in terms of the equivariant intersection form of their exterior and a secondary invariant. Applications include criteria for deciding when an immersed $\mathbb{Z}$-surface in $S^4$ is isotopic to the standard immersed surface that is obtained from an unknotted surface by adding local double points. As another application, we enumerate $\mathbb{Z}$-disks in $D^4$ with a single double point and boundary a given knot; we prove that the number of such disks may be infinite. We also prove that a knot bounds a $\mathbb{Z}$-disk in $D^4$ with $c_+$ positive double points and $c_-$ negative double points if and only if it can be converted into an Alexander polynomial one knot via changing $c_+$ positive crossings and $c_-$ negative crossings. In $4$-manifolds other than $D^4$ and $S^4$, applications include measuring the extent to which immersed $\mathbb{Z}$-surfaces are determined by the equivariant intersection form of their exterior. Along the way, we prove that any two $\mathbb{Z}^2$-concordances between the Hopf link and an Alexander polynomial one link $L$ are homeomorphic rel. boundary. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_04635 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Immersed surfaces with knot group $\mathbb{Z}$ Conway, Anthony Miller, Allison N. Geometric Topology 57N35, 57K10, 57N70 This article is concerned with locally flatly immersed surfaces in simply-connected $4$-manifolds where the complement of the surface has fundamental group $\mathbb{Z}$. Once the genus and number of double points are fixed, we classify such immersed surfaces in terms of the equivariant intersection form of their exterior and a secondary invariant. Applications include criteria for deciding when an immersed $\mathbb{Z}$-surface in $S^4$ is isotopic to the standard immersed surface that is obtained from an unknotted surface by adding local double points. As another application, we enumerate $\mathbb{Z}$-disks in $D^4$ with a single double point and boundary a given knot; we prove that the number of such disks may be infinite. We also prove that a knot bounds a $\mathbb{Z}$-disk in $D^4$ with $c_+$ positive double points and $c_-$ negative double points if and only if it can be converted into an Alexander polynomial one knot via changing $c_+$ positive crossings and $c_-$ negative crossings. In $4$-manifolds other than $D^4$ and $S^4$, applications include measuring the extent to which immersed $\mathbb{Z}$-surfaces are determined by the equivariant intersection form of their exterior. Along the way, we prove that any two $\mathbb{Z}^2$-concordances between the Hopf link and an Alexander polynomial one link $L$ are homeomorphic rel. boundary. |
| title | Immersed surfaces with knot group $\mathbb{Z}$ |
| topic | Geometric Topology 57N35, 57K10, 57N70 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04635 |