HF-NTT: Hazard-Free Dataflow Accelerator for Number Theoretic Transform

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Meng, Xiangchen, Jiang, Zijun, Lyu, Yangdi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Meng, Xiangchen
Jiang, Zijun
Lyu, Yangdi
author_facet Meng, Xiangchen
Jiang, Zijun
Lyu, Yangdi
contents Polynomial multiplication is one of the fundamental operations in many applications, such as fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). However, the computational inefficiency stemming from polynomials with many large-bit coefficients poses a significant challenge for the practical implementation of FHE. The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) has proven an effective tool in enhancing polynomial multiplication, but a fast and adaptable method for generating NTT accelerators is lacking. In this paper, we introduce HF-NTT, a novel NTT accelerator. HF-NTT efficiently handles polynomials of varying degrees and moduli, allowing for a balance between performance and hardware resources by adjusting the number of Processing Elements (PEs). Meanwhile, we introduce a data movement strategy that eliminates the need for bit-reversal operations, resolves different hazards, and reduces the clock cycles. Furthermore, Our accelerator includes a hardware-friendly modular multiplication design and a configurable PE capable of adapting its data path, resulting in a universal architecture. We synthesized and implemented prototype using Vivado 2022.2, and evaluated it on the Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA platform. The results demonstrate significant improvements in Area-Time-Product (ATP) and processing speed for different polynomial degrees. In scenarios involving multi-modulus polynomial multiplication, our prototype consistently outperforms other designs in both ATP and latency metrics.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_04805
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle HF-NTT: Hazard-Free Dataflow Accelerator for Number Theoretic Transform
Meng, Xiangchen
Jiang, Zijun
Lyu, Yangdi
Hardware Architecture
Cryptography and Security
Polynomial multiplication is one of the fundamental operations in many applications, such as fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). However, the computational inefficiency stemming from polynomials with many large-bit coefficients poses a significant challenge for the practical implementation of FHE. The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) has proven an effective tool in enhancing polynomial multiplication, but a fast and adaptable method for generating NTT accelerators is lacking. In this paper, we introduce HF-NTT, a novel NTT accelerator. HF-NTT efficiently handles polynomials of varying degrees and moduli, allowing for a balance between performance and hardware resources by adjusting the number of Processing Elements (PEs). Meanwhile, we introduce a data movement strategy that eliminates the need for bit-reversal operations, resolves different hazards, and reduces the clock cycles. Furthermore, Our accelerator includes a hardware-friendly modular multiplication design and a configurable PE capable of adapting its data path, resulting in a universal architecture. We synthesized and implemented prototype using Vivado 2022.2, and evaluated it on the Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA platform. The results demonstrate significant improvements in Area-Time-Product (ATP) and processing speed for different polynomial degrees. In scenarios involving multi-modulus polynomial multiplication, our prototype consistently outperforms other designs in both ATP and latency metrics.
title HF-NTT: Hazard-Free Dataflow Accelerator for Number Theoretic Transform
topic Hardware Architecture
Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04805