Scalar polynomial vector fields in real and complex time
Fuente:
arXiv
Guardado en:
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2024
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | |
| Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| _version_ | 1866913811392364544 |
|---|---|
| author | Fiedler, Bernold |
| author_facet | Fiedler, Bernold |
| contents | In the present paper, the simplest scalar ODE case is studied for polynomials $$ \dot{w}=f(w)=(w-e_0)\cdot\ldots\cdot(w-e_{d-1}) $$ of degree $d$ with $d$ simple complex zeros. The explicit solution by separation of variables and explicit integration is an almost trivial matter.
In a classical spirit, indeed, we describe the complex Riemann surface $\mathcal{R}$ of the global nontrivial solution $(t,w(t))$ in complex time, as an unbranched cover of the punctured Riemann sphere. The flow property, however, fails at $w=\infty$. The global consequences depend on the period map of the residues $2π\mathrm{i}/f'(e_j)$ of $1/f$ at the punctures, in detail. We therefore show that polynomials $f$ exist for arbitrarily prescribed residues with zero sum. This result is not covered by standard interpolation theory.
Motivated by the PDE case, we also classify the planar real-time phase portraits of the above ODE.
Poincaré compactification of $w$ regularizes $w=\infty$ by $2(d-1)$ equilibria, alternatingly stable and unstable within the invariant circle boundary at infinity. In structurally stable cases, we classify all compactified phase portraits, up to orientation preserving orbit equivalence and time reversal. Combinatorially, their connection graphs are equivalent to certain unrooted, unlabeled, undirected planar trees of $d$ vertices or, dually, to certain chord diagrams with $d-1$ nonintersecting chords. We sketch a proof that all planar trees are actually realized by Poincaré compactifications.
Not least, we offer a 1,000 Euro reward for the discovery, or refutation, of complex entire homoclinic orbits. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_05043 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Scalar polynomial vector fields in real and complex time Fiedler, Bernold Dynamical Systems 34C37, 34M05, 30F30, 65L20, In the present paper, the simplest scalar ODE case is studied for polynomials $$ \dot{w}=f(w)=(w-e_0)\cdot\ldots\cdot(w-e_{d-1}) $$ of degree $d$ with $d$ simple complex zeros. The explicit solution by separation of variables and explicit integration is an almost trivial matter. In a classical spirit, indeed, we describe the complex Riemann surface $\mathcal{R}$ of the global nontrivial solution $(t,w(t))$ in complex time, as an unbranched cover of the punctured Riemann sphere. The flow property, however, fails at $w=\infty$. The global consequences depend on the period map of the residues $2π\mathrm{i}/f'(e_j)$ of $1/f$ at the punctures, in detail. We therefore show that polynomials $f$ exist for arbitrarily prescribed residues with zero sum. This result is not covered by standard interpolation theory. Motivated by the PDE case, we also classify the planar real-time phase portraits of the above ODE. Poincaré compactification of $w$ regularizes $w=\infty$ by $2(d-1)$ equilibria, alternatingly stable and unstable within the invariant circle boundary at infinity. In structurally stable cases, we classify all compactified phase portraits, up to orientation preserving orbit equivalence and time reversal. Combinatorially, their connection graphs are equivalent to certain unrooted, unlabeled, undirected planar trees of $d$ vertices or, dually, to certain chord diagrams with $d-1$ nonintersecting chords. We sketch a proof that all planar trees are actually realized by Poincaré compactifications. Not least, we offer a 1,000 Euro reward for the discovery, or refutation, of complex entire homoclinic orbits. |
| title | Scalar polynomial vector fields in real and complex time |
| topic | Dynamical Systems 34C37, 34M05, 30F30, 65L20, |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05043 |