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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2024
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| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.06780 |
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| _version_ | 1866913675209605120 |
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| author | Shao, Jingdong Mao, Hong Huang, Mei |
| author_facet | Shao, Jingdong Mao, Hong Huang, Mei |
| contents | We investigate the gravitational wave spectrum induced by first-order QCD phase transitions including the deconfinement phase transition in the pure gluon system and Friedberg-Lee model, and chiral phase transition in the quark-meson model and Polyakov quark-meson model. The gravitational wave power spectra are sensitive to the phase transition rate $β/H$. All QCD models predict a rather large phase transition rate in the order of $β/H\sim10^4$ at high temperature region, and the produced gravitational waves lie in the peak frequency region of $10^{-4}-0.01 {\rm Hz}$, corresponding to an energy spectrum in the range of $10^{-8}-10^{-7}$, which can be detected by LISA and Taiji. If a high baryon density is generated through Affleck-Dine baryogenesis or other mechanisms, the baryon chemical potential significantly reduces the phase transition rate, potentially dropping it to the order of $β/H\sim 10^1$, leading to the production of nanohertz gravitational waves. Furthermore, a critical quark chemical potential exists with a zero phase transition rate $β/H=0$, indicating that the false vacuum will not decay, thus supporting the formation of primordial quark nuggets in the early universe. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_06780 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Transition rate and gravitational wave spectrum from first-order QCD phase transitions Shao, Jingdong Mao, Hong Huang, Mei High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We investigate the gravitational wave spectrum induced by first-order QCD phase transitions including the deconfinement phase transition in the pure gluon system and Friedberg-Lee model, and chiral phase transition in the quark-meson model and Polyakov quark-meson model. The gravitational wave power spectra are sensitive to the phase transition rate $β/H$. All QCD models predict a rather large phase transition rate in the order of $β/H\sim10^4$ at high temperature region, and the produced gravitational waves lie in the peak frequency region of $10^{-4}-0.01 {\rm Hz}$, corresponding to an energy spectrum in the range of $10^{-8}-10^{-7}$, which can be detected by LISA and Taiji. If a high baryon density is generated through Affleck-Dine baryogenesis or other mechanisms, the baryon chemical potential significantly reduces the phase transition rate, potentially dropping it to the order of $β/H\sim 10^1$, leading to the production of nanohertz gravitational waves. Furthermore, a critical quark chemical potential exists with a zero phase transition rate $β/H=0$, indicating that the false vacuum will not decay, thus supporting the formation of primordial quark nuggets in the early universe. |
| title | Transition rate and gravitational wave spectrum from first-order QCD phase transitions |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.06780 |