Formation of defects associated with both spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2024
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| _version_ | 1866917799930101760 |
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| author | Fujikura, Kohei Sakellariadou, Mairi Uwabo-Niibo, Michiru Yamaguchi, Masahide |
| author_facet | Fujikura, Kohei Sakellariadou, Mairi Uwabo-Niibo, Michiru Yamaguchi, Masahide |
| contents | We discuss formation of cosmic strings associated with a spontaneously broken approximate $U(1)$ symmetry by performing classical field-theoretical simulations. An original $U(1)$ symmetry is explicitly broken down to its subgroup $Z_N$ even before spontaneous breaking takes place. We estimate the ratio of explicit breaking to that of spontaneous breaking for which topological defects for $N=1$ and $N=2$ are formed. For $N=1$, a cosmic string attached to a single domain wall can be formed when the amount of the explicit breaking is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the spontaneous breaking. For $N=2$, no matter how large the explicit breaking is, domain walls are inevitably formed as long as the temperature of the Universe is high enough to restore $Z_2$ symmetry. In that case, cosmic strings are also inevitably formed as long as the amount of the explicit breaking is smaller than that of the spontaneous breaking. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_07565 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Formation of defects associated with both spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking Fujikura, Kohei Sakellariadou, Mairi Uwabo-Niibo, Michiru Yamaguchi, Masahide High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Theory We discuss formation of cosmic strings associated with a spontaneously broken approximate $U(1)$ symmetry by performing classical field-theoretical simulations. An original $U(1)$ symmetry is explicitly broken down to its subgroup $Z_N$ even before spontaneous breaking takes place. We estimate the ratio of explicit breaking to that of spontaneous breaking for which topological defects for $N=1$ and $N=2$ are formed. For $N=1$, a cosmic string attached to a single domain wall can be formed when the amount of the explicit breaking is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the spontaneous breaking. For $N=2$, no matter how large the explicit breaking is, domain walls are inevitably formed as long as the temperature of the Universe is high enough to restore $Z_2$ symmetry. In that case, cosmic strings are also inevitably formed as long as the amount of the explicit breaking is smaller than that of the spontaneous breaking. |
| title | Formation of defects associated with both spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07565 |