PP-GWAS: Privacy Preserving Multi-Site Genome-wide Association Studies

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Swaminathan, Arjhun, Hannemann, Anika, Ünal, Ali Burak, Pfeifer, Nico, Akgün, Mete
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Swaminathan, Arjhun
Hannemann, Anika
Ünal, Ali Burak
Pfeifer, Nico
Akgün, Mete
author_facet Swaminathan, Arjhun
Hannemann, Anika
Ünal, Ali Burak
Pfeifer, Nico
Akgün, Mete
contents Genome-wide association studies are pivotal in understanding the genetic underpinnings of complex traits and diseases. Collaborative, multi-site GWAS aim to enhance statistical power but face obstacles due to the sensitive nature of genomic data sharing. Current state-of-the-art methods provide a privacy-focused approach utilizing computationally expensive methods such as Secure Multi-Party Computation and Homomorphic Encryption. In this context, we present a novel algorithm PP-GWAS designed to improve upon existing standards in terms of computational efficiency and scalability without sacrificing data privacy. This algorithm employs randomized encoding within a distributed architecture to perform stacked ridge regression on a Linear Mixed Model to ensure rigorous analysis. Experimental evaluation with real world and synthetic data indicates that PP-GWAS can achieve computational speeds twice as fast as similar state-of-the-art algorithms while using lesser computational resources, all while adhering to a robust security model that caters to an all-but-one semi-honest adversary setting. We have assessed its performance using various datasets, emphasizing its potential in facilitating more efficient and private genomic analyses.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_08122
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PP-GWAS: Privacy Preserving Multi-Site Genome-wide Association Studies
Swaminathan, Arjhun
Hannemann, Anika
Ünal, Ali Burak
Pfeifer, Nico
Akgün, Mete
Cryptography and Security
Genome-wide association studies are pivotal in understanding the genetic underpinnings of complex traits and diseases. Collaborative, multi-site GWAS aim to enhance statistical power but face obstacles due to the sensitive nature of genomic data sharing. Current state-of-the-art methods provide a privacy-focused approach utilizing computationally expensive methods such as Secure Multi-Party Computation and Homomorphic Encryption. In this context, we present a novel algorithm PP-GWAS designed to improve upon existing standards in terms of computational efficiency and scalability without sacrificing data privacy. This algorithm employs randomized encoding within a distributed architecture to perform stacked ridge regression on a Linear Mixed Model to ensure rigorous analysis. Experimental evaluation with real world and synthetic data indicates that PP-GWAS can achieve computational speeds twice as fast as similar state-of-the-art algorithms while using lesser computational resources, all while adhering to a robust security model that caters to an all-but-one semi-honest adversary setting. We have assessed its performance using various datasets, emphasizing its potential in facilitating more efficient and private genomic analyses.
title PP-GWAS: Privacy Preserving Multi-Site Genome-wide Association Studies
topic Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08122