Recurring tidal disruption events a decade apart in IRAS F01004-2237
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866913624386174976 |
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| author | Sun, Luming Jiang, Ning Dou, Liming Shu, Xinwen Zhu, Jiazheng Dong, Subo Buckley, David Cenko, S. Bradley Fan, Xiaohui Gromadzki, Mariusz Liu, Zhu Wang, Jianguo Wang, Tinggui Wang, Yibo Wu, Tao Yang, Lei Zhang, Fabao Zhang, Wenjie Zhang, Xiaer |
| author_facet | Sun, Luming Jiang, Ning Dou, Liming Shu, Xinwen Zhu, Jiazheng Dong, Subo Buckley, David Cenko, S. Bradley Fan, Xiaohui Gromadzki, Mariusz Liu, Zhu Wang, Jianguo Wang, Tinggui Wang, Yibo Wu, Tao Yang, Lei Zhang, Fabao Zhang, Wenjie Zhang, Xiaer |
| contents | We report the discovery of a second optical flare that occurred in September 2021 in IRAS F01004-2237, where the first flare occurred in 2010 has been reported, and present a detailed analysis of multi-band data. The position of the flare coincides with the galaxy centre with a precision of 650 pc. The flare peaks in $\sim50$ days with an absolute magnitude of $\sim-21$ and fades in two years roughly following $L\propto t^{-5/3}$. It maintains a nearly constant blackbody temperature of $\sim$22,000 K in the late time. Its optical and UV spectra show hydrogen and helium broad emission lines with full width at half maxima of 7,000--21,000 km s$^{-1}$ and He II/H$α$ ratio of 0.3--2.3. It shows weak X-ray emission relative to UV emission, with X-ray flares lasting for $<2-3$ weeks, during which the spectrum is soft with a power-law index $Γ=4.4^{+1.4}_{-1.3}$. These characters are consistent with a tidal disruption event (TDE), ruling out the possibilities of a supernova or an active galactic nuclei flare. With a TDE model, we infer a peak UV luminosity of $3.3\pm0.2\times10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and an energy budget of $4.5\pm0.2\times10^{51}$ erg. The two optical flares separated by $10.3\pm0.3$ years can be interpreted as repeating partial TDEs, double TDEs, or two independent TDEs. Although no definitive conclusion can be drawn, the partial TDEs interpretation predicts a third flare around 2033, and the independent TDEs interpretation predicts a high TDE rate of $\gtrsim10^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$ in F01004-2237, both of which can be tested by future observations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_09720 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Recurring tidal disruption events a decade apart in IRAS F01004-2237 Sun, Luming Jiang, Ning Dou, Liming Shu, Xinwen Zhu, Jiazheng Dong, Subo Buckley, David Cenko, S. Bradley Fan, Xiaohui Gromadzki, Mariusz Liu, Zhu Wang, Jianguo Wang, Tinggui Wang, Yibo Wu, Tao Yang, Lei Zhang, Fabao Zhang, Wenjie Zhang, Xiaer High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies We report the discovery of a second optical flare that occurred in September 2021 in IRAS F01004-2237, where the first flare occurred in 2010 has been reported, and present a detailed analysis of multi-band data. The position of the flare coincides with the galaxy centre with a precision of 650 pc. The flare peaks in $\sim50$ days with an absolute magnitude of $\sim-21$ and fades in two years roughly following $L\propto t^{-5/3}$. It maintains a nearly constant blackbody temperature of $\sim$22,000 K in the late time. Its optical and UV spectra show hydrogen and helium broad emission lines with full width at half maxima of 7,000--21,000 km s$^{-1}$ and He II/H$α$ ratio of 0.3--2.3. It shows weak X-ray emission relative to UV emission, with X-ray flares lasting for $<2-3$ weeks, during which the spectrum is soft with a power-law index $Γ=4.4^{+1.4}_{-1.3}$. These characters are consistent with a tidal disruption event (TDE), ruling out the possibilities of a supernova or an active galactic nuclei flare. With a TDE model, we infer a peak UV luminosity of $3.3\pm0.2\times10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and an energy budget of $4.5\pm0.2\times10^{51}$ erg. The two optical flares separated by $10.3\pm0.3$ years can be interpreted as repeating partial TDEs, double TDEs, or two independent TDEs. Although no definitive conclusion can be drawn, the partial TDEs interpretation predicts a third flare around 2033, and the independent TDEs interpretation predicts a high TDE rate of $\gtrsim10^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$ in F01004-2237, both of which can be tested by future observations. |
| title | Recurring tidal disruption events a decade apart in IRAS F01004-2237 |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.09720 |