Tunable Einstein-Bohr recoiling-slit gedankenexperiment at the quantum limit
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2024
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| _version_ | 1866910649159778304 |
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| author | Zhang, Yu-Chen Cheng, Hao-Wen Zengxu, Zhao-Qiu Wu, Zhan Lin, Rui Duan, Yu-Cheng Rui, Jun Chen, Ming-Cheng Lu, Chao-Yang Pan, Jian-Wei |
| author_facet | Zhang, Yu-Chen Cheng, Hao-Wen Zengxu, Zhao-Qiu Wu, Zhan Lin, Rui Duan, Yu-Cheng Rui, Jun Chen, Ming-Cheng Lu, Chao-Yang Pan, Jian-Wei |
| contents | In 1927, during the fifth Solvay Conference, Einstein and Bohr described a double-slit interferometer with a "movable slit" that can detect the momentum recoil of one photon. Here, we report a faithful realization of the Einstein-Bohr interferometer using a single atom in an optical tweezer, cooled to the motional ground state in three dimensions. The single atom has an intrinsic momentum uncertainty comparable to a single photon, which serves as a movable slit obeying the minimum Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The atom's momentum wavefunction is dynamically tunable by the tweezer laser power, which enables observation of an interferometric visibility reduction at a shallower trap, demonstrating the quantum nature of this interferometer. We further identify classical noise due to atom heating and precession, illustrating a quantum-to-classical transition. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_10664 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Tunable Einstein-Bohr recoiling-slit gedankenexperiment at the quantum limit Zhang, Yu-Chen Cheng, Hao-Wen Zengxu, Zhao-Qiu Wu, Zhan Lin, Rui Duan, Yu-Cheng Rui, Jun Chen, Ming-Cheng Lu, Chao-Yang Pan, Jian-Wei Quantum Physics Atomic Physics Optics Popular Physics In 1927, during the fifth Solvay Conference, Einstein and Bohr described a double-slit interferometer with a "movable slit" that can detect the momentum recoil of one photon. Here, we report a faithful realization of the Einstein-Bohr interferometer using a single atom in an optical tweezer, cooled to the motional ground state in three dimensions. The single atom has an intrinsic momentum uncertainty comparable to a single photon, which serves as a movable slit obeying the minimum Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The atom's momentum wavefunction is dynamically tunable by the tweezer laser power, which enables observation of an interferometric visibility reduction at a shallower trap, demonstrating the quantum nature of this interferometer. We further identify classical noise due to atom heating and precession, illustrating a quantum-to-classical transition. |
| title | Tunable Einstein-Bohr recoiling-slit gedankenexperiment at the quantum limit |
| topic | Quantum Physics Atomic Physics Optics Popular Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.10664 |