Response theory for locally gapped systems

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Henheik, Joscha, Wessel, Tom
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2024
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author Henheik, Joscha
Wessel, Tom
author_facet Henheik, Joscha
Wessel, Tom
contents We introduce a notion of a \emph{local gap} for interacting many-body quantum lattice systems and prove the validity of response theory and Kubo's formula for localized perturbations in such settings. On a high level, our result shows that the usual spectral gap condition, concerning the system as a whole, is not a necessary condition for understanding local properties of the system. More precisely, we say that an equilibrium state $ρ_0$ of a Hamiltonian $H_0$ is locally gapped in $Λ^{\mathrm{gap}} \subset Λ$, whenever the Liouvillian $- \mathrm{i} \, [H_0, \, \cdot \, ]$ is almost invertible on local observables supported in $Λ^{\mathrm{gap}}$ when tested in $ρ_0$. To put this into context, we provide other alternative notions of a local gap and discuss their relations. The validity of response theory is based on the construction of \emph{non-equilibrium almost stationary states} (NEASSs). By controlling locality properties of the NEASS construction, we show that response theory holds to any order, whenever the perturbation \(εV\) acts in a region which is further than $|\log ε|$ away from the non-gapped region $Λ\setminus Λ^{\mathrm{gap}}$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_10809
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Response theory for locally gapped systems
Henheik, Joscha
Wessel, Tom
Mathematical Physics
Quantum Physics
81V70, 81Q15, 81Q99
We introduce a notion of a \emph{local gap} for interacting many-body quantum lattice systems and prove the validity of response theory and Kubo's formula for localized perturbations in such settings. On a high level, our result shows that the usual spectral gap condition, concerning the system as a whole, is not a necessary condition for understanding local properties of the system. More precisely, we say that an equilibrium state $ρ_0$ of a Hamiltonian $H_0$ is locally gapped in $Λ^{\mathrm{gap}} \subset Λ$, whenever the Liouvillian $- \mathrm{i} \, [H_0, \, \cdot \, ]$ is almost invertible on local observables supported in $Λ^{\mathrm{gap}}$ when tested in $ρ_0$. To put this into context, we provide other alternative notions of a local gap and discuss their relations. The validity of response theory is based on the construction of \emph{non-equilibrium almost stationary states} (NEASSs). By controlling locality properties of the NEASS construction, we show that response theory holds to any order, whenever the perturbation \(εV\) acts in a region which is further than $|\log ε|$ away from the non-gapped region $Λ\setminus Λ^{\mathrm{gap}}$.
title Response theory for locally gapped systems
topic Mathematical Physics
Quantum Physics
81V70, 81Q15, 81Q99
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.10809