Mechanistic Unlearning: Robust Knowledge Unlearning and Editing via Mechanistic Localization

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Guo, Phillip, Syed, Aaquib, Sheshadri, Abhay, Ewart, Aidan, Dziugaite, Gintare Karolina
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2024
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author Guo, Phillip
Syed, Aaquib
Sheshadri, Abhay
Ewart, Aidan
Dziugaite, Gintare Karolina
author_facet Guo, Phillip
Syed, Aaquib
Sheshadri, Abhay
Ewart, Aidan
Dziugaite, Gintare Karolina
contents Methods for knowledge editing and unlearning in large language models seek to edit or remove undesirable knowledge or capabilities without compromising general language modeling performance. This work investigates how mechanistic interpretability -- which, in part, aims to identify model components (circuits) associated to specific interpretable mechanisms that make up a model capability -- can improve the precision and effectiveness of editing and unlearning. We find a stark difference in unlearning and edit robustness when training components localized by different methods. We highlight an important distinction between methods that localize components based primarily on preserving outputs, and those finding high level mechanisms with predictable intermediate states. In particular, localizing edits/unlearning to components associated with the lookup-table mechanism for factual recall 1) leads to more robust edits/unlearning across different input/output formats, and 2) resists attempts to relearn the unwanted information, while also reducing unintended side effects compared to baselines, on both a sports facts dataset and the CounterFact dataset across multiple models. We also find that certain localized edits disrupt the latent knowledge in the model more than any other baselines, making unlearning more robust to various attacks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_12949
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mechanistic Unlearning: Robust Knowledge Unlearning and Editing via Mechanistic Localization
Guo, Phillip
Syed, Aaquib
Sheshadri, Abhay
Ewart, Aidan
Dziugaite, Gintare Karolina
Machine Learning
Computation and Language
Methods for knowledge editing and unlearning in large language models seek to edit or remove undesirable knowledge or capabilities without compromising general language modeling performance. This work investigates how mechanistic interpretability -- which, in part, aims to identify model components (circuits) associated to specific interpretable mechanisms that make up a model capability -- can improve the precision and effectiveness of editing and unlearning. We find a stark difference in unlearning and edit robustness when training components localized by different methods. We highlight an important distinction between methods that localize components based primarily on preserving outputs, and those finding high level mechanisms with predictable intermediate states. In particular, localizing edits/unlearning to components associated with the lookup-table mechanism for factual recall 1) leads to more robust edits/unlearning across different input/output formats, and 2) resists attempts to relearn the unwanted information, while also reducing unintended side effects compared to baselines, on both a sports facts dataset and the CounterFact dataset across multiple models. We also find that certain localized edits disrupt the latent knowledge in the model more than any other baselines, making unlearning more robust to various attacks.
title Mechanistic Unlearning: Robust Knowledge Unlearning and Editing via Mechanistic Localization
topic Machine Learning
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.12949