Qudit Shadow Estimation Based on the Clifford Group and the Power of a Single Magic Gate

Fuente: arXiv
Salvato in:
Dettagli Bibliografici
Autori principali: Mao, Chengsi, Yi, Changhao, Zhu, Huangjun
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2024
Soggetti:
Accesso online:
Tags: Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
_version_ 1866908341593178112
author Mao, Chengsi
Yi, Changhao
Zhu, Huangjun
author_facet Mao, Chengsi
Yi, Changhao
Zhu, Huangjun
contents Shadow estimation is a sample-efficient protocol for learning the properties of a quantum system using randomized measurements, but the current understanding of qudit shadow estimation is quite limited compared with the qubit setting. Here we clarify the sample complexity of qudit shadow estimation based on the Clifford group, where the local dimension $d$ is an odd prime. Notably, we show that the overhead of qudit shadow estimation over the qubit counterpart is only $\mathcal{O}(d)$, independent of the qudit number $n$, although the set of stabilizer states may deviate exponentially from a 3-design with respect to the third moment operator. Furthermore, by adding one layer of magic gates, we propose a simple circuit that can significantly boost the efficiency. Actually, a single magic gate can already eliminate the $\mathcal{O}(d)$ overhead in qudit shadow estimation and bridge the gap from the qubit setting.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_13572
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Qudit Shadow Estimation Based on the Clifford Group and the Power of a Single Magic Gate
Mao, Chengsi
Yi, Changhao
Zhu, Huangjun
Quantum Physics
Shadow estimation is a sample-efficient protocol for learning the properties of a quantum system using randomized measurements, but the current understanding of qudit shadow estimation is quite limited compared with the qubit setting. Here we clarify the sample complexity of qudit shadow estimation based on the Clifford group, where the local dimension $d$ is an odd prime. Notably, we show that the overhead of qudit shadow estimation over the qubit counterpart is only $\mathcal{O}(d)$, independent of the qudit number $n$, although the set of stabilizer states may deviate exponentially from a 3-design with respect to the third moment operator. Furthermore, by adding one layer of magic gates, we propose a simple circuit that can significantly boost the efficiency. Actually, a single magic gate can already eliminate the $\mathcal{O}(d)$ overhead in qudit shadow estimation and bridge the gap from the qubit setting.
title Qudit Shadow Estimation Based on the Clifford Group and the Power of a Single Magic Gate
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13572