On the Use of Proxies in Political Ad Targeting

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Sapiezynski, Piotr, Kaplan, Levi, Mislove, Alan, Korolova, Aleksandra
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Sapiezynski, Piotr
Kaplan, Levi
Mislove, Alan
Korolova, Aleksandra
author_facet Sapiezynski, Piotr
Kaplan, Levi
Mislove, Alan
Korolova, Aleksandra
contents Detailed targeting of advertisements has long been one of the core offerings of online platforms. Unfortunately, malicious advertisers have frequently abused such targeting features, with results that range from violating civil rights laws to driving division, polarization, and even social unrest. Platforms have often attempted to mitigate this behavior by removing targeting attributes deemed problematic, such as inferred political leaning, religion, or ethnicity. In this work, we examine the effectiveness of these mitigations by collecting data from political ads placed on Facebook in the lead up to the 2022 U.S. midterm elections. We show that major political advertisers circumvented these mitigations by targeting proxy attributes: seemingly innocuous targeting criteria that closely correspond to political and racial divides in American society. We introduce novel methods for directly measuring the skew of various targeting criteria to quantify their effectiveness as proxies, and then examine the scale at which those attributes are used. Our findings have crucial implications for the ongoing discussion on the regulation of political advertising and emphasize the urgency for increased transparency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_14617
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Use of Proxies in Political Ad Targeting
Sapiezynski, Piotr
Kaplan, Levi
Mislove, Alan
Korolova, Aleksandra
Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Social and Information Networks
Detailed targeting of advertisements has long been one of the core offerings of online platforms. Unfortunately, malicious advertisers have frequently abused such targeting features, with results that range from violating civil rights laws to driving division, polarization, and even social unrest. Platforms have often attempted to mitigate this behavior by removing targeting attributes deemed problematic, such as inferred political leaning, religion, or ethnicity. In this work, we examine the effectiveness of these mitigations by collecting data from political ads placed on Facebook in the lead up to the 2022 U.S. midterm elections. We show that major political advertisers circumvented these mitigations by targeting proxy attributes: seemingly innocuous targeting criteria that closely correspond to political and racial divides in American society. We introduce novel methods for directly measuring the skew of various targeting criteria to quantify their effectiveness as proxies, and then examine the scale at which those attributes are used. Our findings have crucial implications for the ongoing discussion on the regulation of political advertising and emphasize the urgency for increased transparency.
title On the Use of Proxies in Political Ad Targeting
topic Computers and Society
Human-Computer Interaction
Social and Information Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14617