Disappearance of a massive star in the Andromeda Galaxy due to formation of a black hole

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: De, Kishalay, MacLeod, Morgan, Jencson, Jacob E., Lovegrove, Elizabeth, Antoni, Andrea, Kara, Erin, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Lau, Ryan M., Loeb, Abraham, Masterson, Megan, Meisner, Aaron M., Panagiotou, Christos, Quataert, Eliot, Simcoe, Robert
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author De, Kishalay
MacLeod, Morgan
Jencson, Jacob E.
Lovegrove, Elizabeth
Antoni, Andrea
Kara, Erin
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Lau, Ryan M.
Loeb, Abraham
Masterson, Megan
Meisner, Aaron M.
Panagiotou, Christos
Quataert, Eliot
Simcoe, Robert
author_facet De, Kishalay
MacLeod, Morgan
Jencson, Jacob E.
Lovegrove, Elizabeth
Antoni, Andrea
Kara, Erin
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Lau, Ryan M.
Loeb, Abraham
Masterson, Megan
Meisner, Aaron M.
Panagiotou, Christos
Quataert, Eliot
Simcoe, Robert
contents When a massive star reaches the end of its lifetime, its core collapses and releases neutrinos that drive a shock into the outer layers (stellar envelope). A sufficiently strong shock ejects the envelope, producing a supernova. If the shock fails to eject it, the envelope is predicted to fall back onto the collapsing core, producing a stellar-mass black hole (BH) and causing the star to disappear. We report observations of M31-2014-DS1, a hydrogen-depleted supergiant in the Andromeda Galaxy. In 2014 it brightened in the mid-infrared. From 2017 to 2022 it faded by factors of $\gtrsim10^4$ in optical light, becoming undetectable, and $\gtrsim10$ in total light. We interpret these observations, and those of a previous event in NGC 6946, as evidence for failed supernovae forming stellar-mass BHs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_14778
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Disappearance of a massive star in the Andromeda Galaxy due to formation of a black hole
De, Kishalay
MacLeod, Morgan
Jencson, Jacob E.
Lovegrove, Elizabeth
Antoni, Andrea
Kara, Erin
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Lau, Ryan M.
Loeb, Abraham
Masterson, Megan
Meisner, Aaron M.
Panagiotou, Christos
Quataert, Eliot
Simcoe, Robert
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
When a massive star reaches the end of its lifetime, its core collapses and releases neutrinos that drive a shock into the outer layers (stellar envelope). A sufficiently strong shock ejects the envelope, producing a supernova. If the shock fails to eject it, the envelope is predicted to fall back onto the collapsing core, producing a stellar-mass black hole (BH) and causing the star to disappear. We report observations of M31-2014-DS1, a hydrogen-depleted supergiant in the Andromeda Galaxy. In 2014 it brightened in the mid-infrared. From 2017 to 2022 it faded by factors of $\gtrsim10^4$ in optical light, becoming undetectable, and $\gtrsim10$ in total light. We interpret these observations, and those of a previous event in NGC 6946, as evidence for failed supernovae forming stellar-mass BHs.
title Disappearance of a massive star in the Andromeda Galaxy due to formation of a black hole
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14778