Switchback Price Experiments with Forward-Looking Demand

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wu, Yifan, Johari, Ramesh, Syrgkanis, Vasilis, Weintraub, Gabriel Y.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Wu, Yifan
Johari, Ramesh
Syrgkanis, Vasilis
Weintraub, Gabriel Y.
author_facet Wu, Yifan
Johari, Ramesh
Syrgkanis, Vasilis
Weintraub, Gabriel Y.
contents We consider a retailer running a switchback experiment for the price of a single product, with infinite supply. In each period, the seller chooses a price $p$ from a set of predefined prices that consist of a reference price and a few discounted price levels. The goal is to estimate the demand gradient at the reference price point, with the goal of adjusting the reference price to improve revenue after the experiment. In our model, in each period, a unit mass of buyers arrives on the market, with values distributed based on a time-varying process. Crucially, buyers are forward looking with a discounted utility and will choose to not purchase now if they expect to face a discounted price in the near future. We show that forward-looking demand introduces bias in naive estimators of the demand gradient, due to intertemporal interference. Furthermore, we prove that there is no estimator that uses data from price experiments with only two price points that can recover the correct demand gradient, even in the limit of an infinitely long experiment with an infinitesimal price discount. Moreover, we characterize the form of the bias of naive estimators. Finally, we show that with a simple three price level experiment, the seller can remove the bias due to strategic forward-looking behavior and construct an estimator for the demand gradient that asymptotically recovers the truth.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_14904
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Switchback Price Experiments with Forward-Looking Demand
Wu, Yifan
Johari, Ramesh
Syrgkanis, Vasilis
Weintraub, Gabriel Y.
Computer Science and Game Theory
Econometrics
Theoretical Economics
We consider a retailer running a switchback experiment for the price of a single product, with infinite supply. In each period, the seller chooses a price $p$ from a set of predefined prices that consist of a reference price and a few discounted price levels. The goal is to estimate the demand gradient at the reference price point, with the goal of adjusting the reference price to improve revenue after the experiment. In our model, in each period, a unit mass of buyers arrives on the market, with values distributed based on a time-varying process. Crucially, buyers are forward looking with a discounted utility and will choose to not purchase now if they expect to face a discounted price in the near future. We show that forward-looking demand introduces bias in naive estimators of the demand gradient, due to intertemporal interference. Furthermore, we prove that there is no estimator that uses data from price experiments with only two price points that can recover the correct demand gradient, even in the limit of an infinitely long experiment with an infinitesimal price discount. Moreover, we characterize the form of the bias of naive estimators. Finally, we show that with a simple three price level experiment, the seller can remove the bias due to strategic forward-looking behavior and construct an estimator for the demand gradient that asymptotically recovers the truth.
title Switchback Price Experiments with Forward-Looking Demand
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Econometrics
Theoretical Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14904