Beyond Yao's Millionaires: Secure Multi-Party Computation of Non-Polynomial Functions

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Main Authors: Najarkolaei, Seyed Reza Hoseini, Mojahedian, Mohammad Mahdi, Aref, Mohammad Reza
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Najarkolaei, Seyed Reza Hoseini
Mojahedian, Mohammad Mahdi
Aref, Mohammad Reza
author_facet Najarkolaei, Seyed Reza Hoseini
Mojahedian, Mohammad Mahdi
Aref, Mohammad Reza
contents In this paper, we present an unconditionally secure $N$-party comparison scheme based on Shamir secret sharing, utilizing the binary representation of private inputs to determine the $\max$ without disclosing any private inputs or intermediate results. Specifically, each party holds a private number and aims to ascertain the greatest number among the $N$ available private numbers without revealing its input, assuming that there are at most $T < \frac{N}{2}$ honest-but-curious parties. The proposed scheme demonstrates a lower computational complexity compared to existing schemes that can only compare two secret numbers at a time. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the only information-theoretically secure method for comparing $N$ private numbers without revealing either the private inputs or any intermediate results. We demonstrate that by modifying the proposed scheme, we can compute other well-known non-polynomial functions of the inputs, including the minimum, median, and rank. Additionally, in the proposed scheme, before the final reveal phase, each party possesses a share of the result, enabling the nodes to compute any polynomial function of the comparison result. We also explore various applications of the proposed comparison scheme, including federated learning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_17000
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Beyond Yao's Millionaires: Secure Multi-Party Computation of Non-Polynomial Functions
Najarkolaei, Seyed Reza Hoseini
Mojahedian, Mohammad Mahdi
Aref, Mohammad Reza
Cryptography and Security
Information Theory
In this paper, we present an unconditionally secure $N$-party comparison scheme based on Shamir secret sharing, utilizing the binary representation of private inputs to determine the $\max$ without disclosing any private inputs or intermediate results. Specifically, each party holds a private number and aims to ascertain the greatest number among the $N$ available private numbers without revealing its input, assuming that there are at most $T < \frac{N}{2}$ honest-but-curious parties. The proposed scheme demonstrates a lower computational complexity compared to existing schemes that can only compare two secret numbers at a time. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the only information-theoretically secure method for comparing $N$ private numbers without revealing either the private inputs or any intermediate results. We demonstrate that by modifying the proposed scheme, we can compute other well-known non-polynomial functions of the inputs, including the minimum, median, and rank. Additionally, in the proposed scheme, before the final reveal phase, each party possesses a share of the result, enabling the nodes to compute any polynomial function of the comparison result. We also explore various applications of the proposed comparison scheme, including federated learning.
title Beyond Yao's Millionaires: Secure Multi-Party Computation of Non-Polynomial Functions
topic Cryptography and Security
Information Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17000