Literature Meets Data: A Synergistic Approach to Hypothesis Generation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Haokun, Zhou, Yangqiaoyu, Li, Mingxuan, Yuan, Chenfei, Tan, Chenhao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Liu, Haokun
Zhou, Yangqiaoyu
Li, Mingxuan
Yuan, Chenfei
Tan, Chenhao
author_facet Liu, Haokun
Zhou, Yangqiaoyu
Li, Mingxuan
Yuan, Chenfei
Tan, Chenhao
contents AI holds promise for transforming scientific processes, including hypothesis generation. Prior work on hypothesis generation can be broadly categorized into theory-driven and data-driven approaches. While both have proven effective in generating novel and plausible hypotheses, it remains an open question whether they can complement each other. To address this, we develop the first method that combines literature-based insights with data to perform LLM-powered hypothesis generation. We apply our method on five different datasets and demonstrate that integrating literature and data outperforms other baselines (8.97\% over few-shot, 15.75\% over literature-based alone, and 3.37\% over data-driven alone). Additionally, we conduct the first human evaluation to assess the utility of LLM-generated hypotheses in assisting human decision-making on two challenging tasks: deception detection and AI generated content detection. Our results show that human accuracy improves significantly by 7.44\% and 14.19\% on these tasks, respectively. These findings suggest that integrating literature-based and data-driven approaches provides a comprehensive and nuanced framework for hypothesis generation and could open new avenues for scientific inquiry.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_17309
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Literature Meets Data: A Synergistic Approach to Hypothesis Generation
Liu, Haokun
Zhou, Yangqiaoyu
Li, Mingxuan
Yuan, Chenfei
Tan, Chenhao
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Computers and Society
Machine Learning
AI holds promise for transforming scientific processes, including hypothesis generation. Prior work on hypothesis generation can be broadly categorized into theory-driven and data-driven approaches. While both have proven effective in generating novel and plausible hypotheses, it remains an open question whether they can complement each other. To address this, we develop the first method that combines literature-based insights with data to perform LLM-powered hypothesis generation. We apply our method on five different datasets and demonstrate that integrating literature and data outperforms other baselines (8.97\% over few-shot, 15.75\% over literature-based alone, and 3.37\% over data-driven alone). Additionally, we conduct the first human evaluation to assess the utility of LLM-generated hypotheses in assisting human decision-making on two challenging tasks: deception detection and AI generated content detection. Our results show that human accuracy improves significantly by 7.44\% and 14.19\% on these tasks, respectively. These findings suggest that integrating literature-based and data-driven approaches provides a comprehensive and nuanced framework for hypothesis generation and could open new avenues for scientific inquiry.
title Literature Meets Data: A Synergistic Approach to Hypothesis Generation
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Computers and Society
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17309