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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Bertram, Wolfgang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17634
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_version_ 1866912083283542016
author Bertram, Wolfgang
author_facet Bertram, Wolfgang
contents We investigate the problem of defining group or loop structures on spheres, where by ''sphere'' we mean the level set q(x) = c of a general K-valued quadratic form q, for an invertible scalar c. When K is a field and q non-degenerate, then this corresponds to the classical theory of composition algebras; in particular, for K = R and positive definite forms, we obtain the sequence of the four real division algebras R, C, H (quaternions), O (octonions). Our theory is more general, allowing that K is merely a ring, and the form q possibly degenerate. To achieve this goal, we give a more geometric formulation, replacing the theory of binary composition algebras by ternary algebraic structures, thus defining categories of group spherical and of Moufang spherical spaces. In particular, we develop a theory of ternary Moufang loops, and show how it is related to the Albert-Cayley-Dickson construction and to generalized ternary octonion algebras. At the bottom, a starting point of the whole theory is the (elementary) result that every 2-dimensional quadratic space carries a canonical structure of commutative group spherical space.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_17634
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On group and loop spheres
Bertram, Wolfgang
Group Theory
We investigate the problem of defining group or loop structures on spheres, where by ''sphere'' we mean the level set q(x) = c of a general K-valued quadratic form q, for an invertible scalar c. When K is a field and q non-degenerate, then this corresponds to the classical theory of composition algebras; in particular, for K = R and positive definite forms, we obtain the sequence of the four real division algebras R, C, H (quaternions), O (octonions). Our theory is more general, allowing that K is merely a ring, and the form q possibly degenerate. To achieve this goal, we give a more geometric formulation, replacing the theory of binary composition algebras by ternary algebraic structures, thus defining categories of group spherical and of Moufang spherical spaces. In particular, we develop a theory of ternary Moufang loops, and show how it is related to the Albert-Cayley-Dickson construction and to generalized ternary octonion algebras. At the bottom, a starting point of the whole theory is the (elementary) result that every 2-dimensional quadratic space carries a canonical structure of commutative group spherical space.
title On group and loop spheres
topic Group Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.17634