The Dual Nature of GHZ9: Coexisting Active Galactic Nuclei and Star Formation Activity in a Remote X-ray Source at z = 10.145
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2024
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| author | Napolitano, Lorenzo Castellano, Marco Pentericci, Laura Vignali, Cristian Gilli, Roberto Fontana, Adriano Santini, Paola Treu, Tommaso Calabrò, Antonello Llerena, Mario Piconcelli, Enrico Zappacosta, Luca Mascia, Sara Tripodi, Roberta Haro, Pablo Arrabal Bergamini, Pietro Bakx, Tom J. L. C. Dickinson, Mark Glazebrook, Karl Henry, Alaina Leethochawalit, Nicha Mazzolari, Giovanni Merlin, Emiliano Morishita, Takahiro Nanayakkara, Themiya Paris, Diego Puccetti, Simonetta Roberts-Borsani, Guido Ruiz, Sofia Rojas Rosati, Piero Vanzella, Eros Vito, Fabio Vulcani, Benedetta Wang, Xin Yoon, Ilsang Zavala, Jorge A. |
| author_facet | Napolitano, Lorenzo Castellano, Marco Pentericci, Laura Vignali, Cristian Gilli, Roberto Fontana, Adriano Santini, Paola Treu, Tommaso Calabrò, Antonello Llerena, Mario Piconcelli, Enrico Zappacosta, Luca Mascia, Sara Tripodi, Roberta Haro, Pablo Arrabal Bergamini, Pietro Bakx, Tom J. L. C. Dickinson, Mark Glazebrook, Karl Henry, Alaina Leethochawalit, Nicha Mazzolari, Giovanni Merlin, Emiliano Morishita, Takahiro Nanayakkara, Themiya Paris, Diego Puccetti, Simonetta Roberts-Borsani, Guido Ruiz, Sofia Rojas Rosati, Piero Vanzella, Eros Vito, Fabio Vulcani, Benedetta Wang, Xin Yoon, Ilsang Zavala, Jorge A. |
| contents | We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRSpec PRISM spectroscopic characterization of GHZ9 at z= 10.145 $\pm$ 0.010, currently the most distant source detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectrum reveals several UV high-ionization lines, including CII, SiIV, NIV], CIV, HeII, OIII], NIII], and CIII]. The prominent rest-frame equivalent widths (EW(CIV)$\simeq$65A, EW(OIII])$\simeq$28A, EW(CIII])$\simeq$48A) show the presence of a hard active galactic nucleus (AGN) radiation field, while line ratio diagnostics are consistent with either AGN or star formation as the dominant ionizing source. GHZ9 is nitrogen-enriched (6--9.5 (N/O)$_{\odot}$), carbon-poor (0.2--0.65 (C/O)$_{\odot}$), metal-poor (Z = 0.01--0.1 Z$_{\odot}$), and compact ($<$ 106 pc), similarly to GN-z11, GHZ2, and recently discovered N-enhanced high redshift objects. We exploited the newly available JWST/NIRSpec and NIRCam data set to perform an independent analysis of the Chandra data confirming that GHZ9 is the most likely JWST source associated with X-ray emission at 0.5-7 keV. Assuming a spectral index $Γ$ = 2.3 (1.8), we estimate a black hole (BH) mass of 1.60 $\pm$ 0.31 (0.48 $\pm$ 0.09) $\times$ 10$^8$M$_{\odot}$, which is consistent either with Eddington-accretion onto heavy ($\geq$ 10$^6$ M$_{\odot}$) BH seeds formed at z=18, or super-Eddington accretion onto a light seed of $\sim$ 10$^2-10^4$ M$_{\odot}$ at z = 25. The corresponding BH-to-stellar mass ratio M$_{BH}$/M$_{star}$= 0.33$\pm$0.22 (0.10$\pm$0.07), with a stringent limit $>$0.02, implies an accelerated growth of the BH mass with respect to the stellar mass. GHZ9 is the ideal target to constrain the early phases of AGN-galaxy coevolution with future multi-frequency observations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_18763 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Dual Nature of GHZ9: Coexisting Active Galactic Nuclei and Star Formation Activity in a Remote X-ray Source at z = 10.145 Napolitano, Lorenzo Castellano, Marco Pentericci, Laura Vignali, Cristian Gilli, Roberto Fontana, Adriano Santini, Paola Treu, Tommaso Calabrò, Antonello Llerena, Mario Piconcelli, Enrico Zappacosta, Luca Mascia, Sara Tripodi, Roberta Haro, Pablo Arrabal Bergamini, Pietro Bakx, Tom J. L. C. Dickinson, Mark Glazebrook, Karl Henry, Alaina Leethochawalit, Nicha Mazzolari, Giovanni Merlin, Emiliano Morishita, Takahiro Nanayakkara, Themiya Paris, Diego Puccetti, Simonetta Roberts-Borsani, Guido Ruiz, Sofia Rojas Rosati, Piero Vanzella, Eros Vito, Fabio Vulcani, Benedetta Wang, Xin Yoon, Ilsang Zavala, Jorge A. Astrophysics of Galaxies We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRSpec PRISM spectroscopic characterization of GHZ9 at z= 10.145 $\pm$ 0.010, currently the most distant source detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectrum reveals several UV high-ionization lines, including CII, SiIV, NIV], CIV, HeII, OIII], NIII], and CIII]. The prominent rest-frame equivalent widths (EW(CIV)$\simeq$65A, EW(OIII])$\simeq$28A, EW(CIII])$\simeq$48A) show the presence of a hard active galactic nucleus (AGN) radiation field, while line ratio diagnostics are consistent with either AGN or star formation as the dominant ionizing source. GHZ9 is nitrogen-enriched (6--9.5 (N/O)$_{\odot}$), carbon-poor (0.2--0.65 (C/O)$_{\odot}$), metal-poor (Z = 0.01--0.1 Z$_{\odot}$), and compact ($<$ 106 pc), similarly to GN-z11, GHZ2, and recently discovered N-enhanced high redshift objects. We exploited the newly available JWST/NIRSpec and NIRCam data set to perform an independent analysis of the Chandra data confirming that GHZ9 is the most likely JWST source associated with X-ray emission at 0.5-7 keV. Assuming a spectral index $Γ$ = 2.3 (1.8), we estimate a black hole (BH) mass of 1.60 $\pm$ 0.31 (0.48 $\pm$ 0.09) $\times$ 10$^8$M$_{\odot}$, which is consistent either with Eddington-accretion onto heavy ($\geq$ 10$^6$ M$_{\odot}$) BH seeds formed at z=18, or super-Eddington accretion onto a light seed of $\sim$ 10$^2-10^4$ M$_{\odot}$ at z = 25. The corresponding BH-to-stellar mass ratio M$_{BH}$/M$_{star}$= 0.33$\pm$0.22 (0.10$\pm$0.07), with a stringent limit $>$0.02, implies an accelerated growth of the BH mass with respect to the stellar mass. GHZ9 is the ideal target to constrain the early phases of AGN-galaxy coevolution with future multi-frequency observations. |
| title | The Dual Nature of GHZ9: Coexisting Active Galactic Nuclei and Star Formation Activity in a Remote X-ray Source at z = 10.145 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18763 |