Cold day-side winds shape large leading streams in evaporating exoplanet atmospheres

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Nail, F., MacLeod, M., Oklopčić, A., Gully-Santiago, M., Morley, C. V., Zhang, Z.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Nail, F.
MacLeod, M.
Oklopčić, A.
Gully-Santiago, M.
Morley, C. V.
Zhang, Z.
author_facet Nail, F.
MacLeod, M.
Oklopčić, A.
Gully-Santiago, M.
Morley, C. V.
Zhang, Z.
contents Recent observations of planetary atmospheres in HAT-P-32 b and HAT-P-67 b reveal extensive outflows reaching up to hundreds of planetary radii. The helium 1083 nm light curves for these planets, captured across their full orbits, show notable asymmetries: both planets display more pronounced pre-transit than post-transit absorptions, with HAT-P-67 b being the more extreme case of that geometry. Using three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations, we identify key factors influencing the formation of a dense leading outflow stream and characterize its morphology. Our models suggest that such a geometry of escaped material is caused by a relatively cold outflow of high mass-loss rate, launched preferentially from the planet's day side. From the simulations we calculate synthetic He I 1083 nm spectra that show large absorption depths and irregular line profiles due to complex gas kinematics. We find that the measurements of the He I 1083 nm equivalent width and the velocity shift relative to the planet's rest frame, observed over a significant portion of the planet's orbital phase, can provide important constraints on the outflow properties and its interaction with the stellar wind.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_19381
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cold day-side winds shape large leading streams in evaporating exoplanet atmospheres
Nail, F.
MacLeod, M.
Oklopčić, A.
Gully-Santiago, M.
Morley, C. V.
Zhang, Z.
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Recent observations of planetary atmospheres in HAT-P-32 b and HAT-P-67 b reveal extensive outflows reaching up to hundreds of planetary radii. The helium 1083 nm light curves for these planets, captured across their full orbits, show notable asymmetries: both planets display more pronounced pre-transit than post-transit absorptions, with HAT-P-67 b being the more extreme case of that geometry. Using three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations, we identify key factors influencing the formation of a dense leading outflow stream and characterize its morphology. Our models suggest that such a geometry of escaped material is caused by a relatively cold outflow of high mass-loss rate, launched preferentially from the planet's day side. From the simulations we calculate synthetic He I 1083 nm spectra that show large absorption depths and irregular line profiles due to complex gas kinematics. We find that the measurements of the He I 1083 nm equivalent width and the velocity shift relative to the planet's rest frame, observed over a significant portion of the planet's orbital phase, can provide important constraints on the outflow properties and its interaction with the stellar wind.
title Cold day-side winds shape large leading streams in evaporating exoplanet atmospheres
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19381