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Main Authors: Thoresen, Freja, Cowley, Aidan, Haak, Romeo, Lewe, Jonas, Moriceau, Clara, Knapczyk, Piotr, Engelschiøn, Victoria S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21024
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author Thoresen, Freja
Cowley, Aidan
Haak, Romeo
Lewe, Jonas
Moriceau, Clara
Knapczyk, Piotr
Engelschiøn, Victoria S.
author_facet Thoresen, Freja
Cowley, Aidan
Haak, Romeo
Lewe, Jonas
Moriceau, Clara
Knapczyk, Piotr
Engelschiøn, Victoria S.
contents Human exploration of the moon is expected to resume in the next decade, following the last such activities in the Apollo programme time. One of the major objectives of returning to the Moon is to continue retrieving geological samples, with a focus on collecting high-quality specimens to maximize scientific return. Tools that assist astronauts in making informed decisions about sample collection activities can maximize the scientific value of future lunar missions. A lunar rock classifier is a tool that can potentially provide the necessary information for astronauts to analyze lunar rock samples, allowing them to augment in-situ value identification of samples. Towards demonstrating the value of such a tool, in this paper, we introduce a framework for classifying rock types in thin sections of lunar rocks. We leverage the vast collection of petrographic thin-section images from the Apollo missions, captured under plane-polarized light (PPL), cross-polarised light (XPL), and reflected light at varying magnifications. Advanced machine learning methods, including contrastive learning, are applied to analyze these images and extract meaningful features. The contrastive learning approach fine-tunes a pre-trained Inception-Resnet-v2 network with the SimCLR loss function. The fine-tuned Inception-Resnet-v2 network can then extract essential features effectively from the thin-section images of Apollo rocks. A simple binary classifier is trained using transfer learning from the fine-tuned Inception-ResNet-v2 to 98.44\% ($\pm$1.47) accuracy in separating breccias from basalts.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_21024
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Breccia and basalt classification of thin sections of Apollo rocks with deep learning
Thoresen, Freja
Cowley, Aidan
Haak, Romeo
Lewe, Jonas
Moriceau, Clara
Knapczyk, Piotr
Engelschiøn, Victoria S.
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Machine Learning
Human exploration of the moon is expected to resume in the next decade, following the last such activities in the Apollo programme time. One of the major objectives of returning to the Moon is to continue retrieving geological samples, with a focus on collecting high-quality specimens to maximize scientific return. Tools that assist astronauts in making informed decisions about sample collection activities can maximize the scientific value of future lunar missions. A lunar rock classifier is a tool that can potentially provide the necessary information for astronauts to analyze lunar rock samples, allowing them to augment in-situ value identification of samples. Towards demonstrating the value of such a tool, in this paper, we introduce a framework for classifying rock types in thin sections of lunar rocks. We leverage the vast collection of petrographic thin-section images from the Apollo missions, captured under plane-polarized light (PPL), cross-polarised light (XPL), and reflected light at varying magnifications. Advanced machine learning methods, including contrastive learning, are applied to analyze these images and extract meaningful features. The contrastive learning approach fine-tunes a pre-trained Inception-Resnet-v2 network with the SimCLR loss function. The fine-tuned Inception-Resnet-v2 network can then extract essential features effectively from the thin-section images of Apollo rocks. A simple binary classifier is trained using transfer learning from the fine-tuned Inception-ResNet-v2 to 98.44\% ($\pm$1.47) accuracy in separating breccias from basalts.
title Breccia and basalt classification of thin sections of Apollo rocks with deep learning
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21024