Sample-Optimal Quantum Estimators for Pure-State Trace Distance and Fidelity via Samplizer

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Qisheng, Zhang, Zhicheng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2024
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author Wang, Qisheng
Zhang, Zhicheng
author_facet Wang, Qisheng
Zhang, Zhicheng
contents Trace distance and infidelity (induced by square root fidelity), as basic measures of the closeness of quantum states, are commonly used in quantum state discrimination, certification, and tomography. However, the sample complexity for their estimation still remains open. In this paper, we solve this problem for pure states. We present a quantum algorithm that estimates the trace distance and square root fidelity between pure states to within additive error $\varepsilon$, given sample access to their identical copies. Our algorithm achieves the optimal sample complexity $Θ(1/\varepsilon^2)$, improving the long-standing folklore $O(1/\varepsilon^4)$. Our algorithm is composed of a samplized phase estimation of the product of two Householder reflections. Notably, an improved (multi-)samplizer for pure states is used as an algorithmic tool in our construction, through which any quantum query algorithm using $Q$ queries to the reflection operator about a pure state $|ψ\rangle$ can be converted to a $δ$-close (in the diamond norm) quantum sample algorithm using $Θ(Q^2/δ)$ samples of $|ψ\rangle$. This samplizer for pure states is shown to be optimal.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2410_21201
institution arXiv
publishDate 2024
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sample-Optimal Quantum Estimators for Pure-State Trace Distance and Fidelity via Samplizer
Wang, Qisheng
Zhang, Zhicheng
Quantum Physics
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
Information Theory
Trace distance and infidelity (induced by square root fidelity), as basic measures of the closeness of quantum states, are commonly used in quantum state discrimination, certification, and tomography. However, the sample complexity for their estimation still remains open. In this paper, we solve this problem for pure states. We present a quantum algorithm that estimates the trace distance and square root fidelity between pure states to within additive error $\varepsilon$, given sample access to their identical copies. Our algorithm achieves the optimal sample complexity $Θ(1/\varepsilon^2)$, improving the long-standing folklore $O(1/\varepsilon^4)$. Our algorithm is composed of a samplized phase estimation of the product of two Householder reflections. Notably, an improved (multi-)samplizer for pure states is used as an algorithmic tool in our construction, through which any quantum query algorithm using $Q$ queries to the reflection operator about a pure state $|ψ\rangle$ can be converted to a $δ$-close (in the diamond norm) quantum sample algorithm using $Θ(Q^2/δ)$ samples of $|ψ\rangle$. This samplizer for pure states is shown to be optimal.
title Sample-Optimal Quantum Estimators for Pure-State Trace Distance and Fidelity via Samplizer
topic Quantum Physics
Computational Complexity
Data Structures and Algorithms
Information Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21201